UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN BIOLOGY JUL 1 1 1989 Published by Field Museum of Natural History Volume 41 A Taxonomic and Phytogeographic Study of Brunswick Peninsula (Strait of Magellan) Hepaticae and Anthocerotae JOHNJ. ENGEL ADD HliV December 29, 1978 FIELDIANA: BOTANY A Continuation of the BOTANICAL SERIES of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 41 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CHICAGO, U.S.A. A Taxonomic and Phytogeographic Study of Brunswick Peninsula (Strait of Magellan) Hepaticae and Anthocerotae JJE FRONTISPIECE. Adelanthus tenuis Engel & Grolle. FIELDIANA Botany Published by Field Museum of Natural History Volume 41 A Taxonomic and Phytogeographic Study of Brunswick Peninsula (Strait of Magellan) Hepaticae and Anthocerotae JOHN J. ENGEL Donald Richards Associate Curator of Bryology Department of Botany Field Museum of Natural History December 29, 1978 Publication 1291 Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 77-20521 ISSN 0015-0746 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements vii I. The Brunswick Peninsula 1 A. Introductory remarks 1 B. Climate 1 II. Collectors of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae 7 A. Gazetteer of Brunswick Peninsula localities 7 B. Excluded collectors of Brunswick Peninsula Hepaticae 8 C. Personal collection localities and numbers 10 in. Vegetation of the peninsula 12 IV. Phytogeography 16 A. The phytogeographic categories 16 I. Temperate 17 A. American Temperate 17 1. Endemic to Brunswick Peninsula 17 2. Falkland-Brunswick Peninsula 18 3. Fuegian-Brunswick Peninsula 18 4. Magellanian-Brunswick Peninsula 21 5. Valdivian-Brunswick Peninsula 21 6. Valdivian + Magellanian + Brunswick Peninsula 23 7. Andean-Brunswick Peninsula 31 B. Extra-American Temperate 33 1. Amphipacific temperate 33 2. Amphiatlantic temperate 33 3. Pan-temperate 34 II. Non-temperate 35 A. Subantarctic 35 B. Antarctic 36 C. Pan-tropical 38 D. Widespread 38 B. Distribution within the Brunswick Peninsula 38 V. Systematic Account 51 A. Introduction 51 1. Format 51 2. Nomenclature and literature citations 51 a. Author citations 51 b. Journal citations 51 c. Synonymy 51 d. Typifications 51 e. Herbarium citations . . 52 IV 3. Ecology 52 4. Distribution 53 5. Literature records 53 6. Specimens seen 54 B. Key to Classes and Orders of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae 54 C. Order Jungermanniales: Key to the genera of the Brunswick Peninsula .. 55 D. Order Metzgeriales: Key to the genera of the Brunswick Peninsula 253 E. Order Marchantiales: Key to the genera of the Brunswick Peninsula 278 F. Order Anthocerotales: Key to the genera of the Brunswick Peninsula 282 VI. References 286 VII. Index of taxa . . . 300 PLATES 1 FRONTISPIECE. Adelanthus tennis Engel & Grolle. 1. Map of southern South America south of 52 S. showing average annual rainfall 3 2. Collection localities of Brunswick Peninsula Hepaticae and Anthocerotae ... 9 3. Vegetation regions of southern South America south of 48 S 14 4. Simplified map of vegetation types in the Brunswick Peninsula 15 5. Map of Lophocolea elata (Gott.) Steph 18 6. Map of Leptoscyphus aequatus (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mitt 19 7. Map of Hygrolembidium isophyllwn Schust 20 8. Map of Lophocolea sylvatica Mitt 22 9. Map of Lepicolea rigida (De Not.) Scott 26 10. Map of Telaranea plumulosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Fulf. 27 11. Map of Lophocolea textilis (Hook. f. & Tayl.) G. L. & N 28 12. Map of Gackstroemia magellanica (Lam.) Trev 29 13. Map of Pseudocephalozia quadriloba (Steph.) Schust 30 14. Map of Temnoma quadripartitum (Hook.) Mitt 31 15. Map of Metzgeria decipiens (Mass.) Schiffn 32 16. Map of Leptoscyphus expansus (Lehm.) Grolle 34 17. Map of Jamesoniella colorata (Lehm.) Schiffn 35 18. Map of Herzogobryum erosum (Carring. & Pears.) Grolle 36 19. Map of Metzgeria leptoneura Spruce 37 'All maps with the exception of those in Plates 3, 13, 15 and 19 were made from tracings made by the author. The south polar projection was adapted from a Na- tional Geographic Society map (1943). The non-detailed map of southern South America and the world projection map were adapted from the Goode base map series, University of Chicago. The detailed map of southern South America (pi. 1) was adapted from several U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office charts. The map used in Plate 15 was kindly sent to me by Dr. Hugo Sjors, University of Uppsala. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Most of this study was carried out while I was a post-doctoral research fellow at Michigan State University; this fellowship was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant GA- 14262 to Dr. Henry Imshaug) and is acknowledged with thanks. I should like to extend special thanks to Dr. Henry A. Imshaug, Michigan State University, for his interest, good humor, guidance, and stimulating discussions. Thanks also to Dr. Imshaug for pro- viding me with the opportunity of collecting in southern South America. I am grateful to the National Science Foundation (grants GA-1192 and GV-26615 to Dr. Imshaug) which facilitated field work. I wish to acknowledge the Richards Foundation for its support of bryology at Field Museum over a period of many years. This wel- come assistance made possible the final part of research on this project. The Donald Richards Bryological Fund also was used to help defray the cost of publication. I would like to extend special thanks to my wife, Karen, who has aided in many and various stages in preparation of the manuscript. I am grateful to her for her continued support and encouragement. My gratitude to the following individuals for identifying Bruns- wick Peninsula groups in which they specialize. The individuals and their groups are: Dr. R. Grolle, Jena, Germany (Cryptochila, Jamesoniella) ; Dr. Gabriela Hassel de Menendez, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Riccardia); and Dr. H. Inoue, Tokyo, Japan (Plagi- ochila). Special thanks to Dr. Edmundo Pisano V., Punta Arenas, Chile, for comments on vegetational aspects of the peninsula and for for- warding various interesting specimens. My sincere thanks to the individuals and institutions listed be- low for assistance and loan of specimens: Dr. Francesco Bianchini (VER), Dr. C.E.B. Bonner (G), Dr. A. Bresinsky (M), Dr. Howard viii Crum (MICH), Dr. Suzanne Jovet-Ast (PC), Dr. T. Koponen (H), Prof. Dr. J. Miege (G), Dr. Elsa Nyholm (S), Mr. R. Ross (BM), Dr. R. Santesson (formerly at UPS), Dr. Gary L. Smith (NY), and Prof. Dr. Carlo H. Steinberg (FI). I. THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA A. Introductory Remarks The Brunswick Peninsula lies on the Strait of Magellan and is a southern extension of the South American continent. Cabo Fro- ward (5353'43" S.), its southern tip, is the most southerly point of the South American mainland. The peninsula, which is 76 miles long and 62 miles wide, lies between the Strait of Magellan on the south and east and Seno Otway on the northwest, with Canal Je- ronimo connecting the two. The Brunswick Peninsula is critically located for taxonomical, ecological, and phyto geographical studies of the Hepaticae of southern South America, and the significance of the peninsula re- sults principally from the following two features: 1) The peninsula is historically important as it was a convenient and often necessary stopping point for ships navigating the Strait of Magellan. As was often the case with early expeditions, an individual with botanical or medical training utilized the opportunity of harbor time by col- lecting the flora of the area. As a result of this attention, there exists a rather high percentage of Magellanian taxa, the original material of which was gathered in the Brunswick Peninsula. 2) There is perhaps no region in southern South America better suited for studying hepatic distributions as compared to moisture gradients. The rainfall of the region varies drastically, with under 400 mm. annually in the neck portion to over 1,500 mm. annually in the western portion of the peninsula (see "Climate" below). B. Climate The climatic data available for southern South America is based upon a rather small number of stations, some of which have been established for only a short duration. Precipitation The position of southern South America in relation to the polar 2 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 front places it in the path of the eastward moving cyclonic storms moving off the Pacific Ocean. The storms originate in mid-ocean where the tropical and polar Pacific air masses come into contact. The coastal cordillera acts orographically on the storms moving inland, and the windward slopes receive heavy precipitation, which except in montane areas is in the form of heavy rains or mists but not snow. Rutland (1957) published annual precipitation figures for the following three pairs of stations in southern Chile and states that these "... show an important similarity, and indicate the frame- work of a pattern which is probably common throughout the west- ern half of the region." Western Eastern Location section nun. rainfall Section nun. rainfall North IslaGuafo 1,270 Melinka 3,175 Central Cabo Raper 2,032 San Pedro 4,724 South Evangelistas 2,769 Bahia Felix 5,080 The stations illustrate an increase in rainfall southward and an increase westward over a relatively short distance. Elevated por- tions of islands to the interior of the archipelago as well as the mainland coast receive considerably more precipitation than the outer exposed islands. This is rather dramatic in the Strait of Ma- gellan region with Bahia Felix receiving nearly twice the rainfall of Grupo Evangelistas (see also pi. 1). Precipitation decreases markedly eastward, particularly in those localities in the rain shadow of the Andes. In the straits region this may be illustrated by the 5,080 mm. annual rainfall of Bahia Felix 1 compared to the 436 mm. of Punta Arenas (see table 1), and in the Brunswick Peninsula the western portion receives 1,500 mm. an- nually as compared to under 400 mm. near the peninsular neck (see pi. 1). The steady decrease in rainfall continues to the east, and Punta Dungeness at the eastern mouth of the Strait of Magel- lan receives only 254 mm. annually (Butland, 1957). Table 1 indi- cates the rainfall data available for the Brunswick Peninsula. To my knowledge no rainfall figures are available for the western portion of the peninsula, but the nearest comparable areas (i.e., Bahia Felix and Grupo Evangelistas) are included. There are differences in seasonal distribution of rainfall in the various parts of southern Chile. The portion north of Peninsula Note that Butland (1954) and Almeyda & Saez (1958) record differing, but rather similar, rainfall figures for Bahia Felix. CO 08 "O g o CO CO I 0) -C j 4 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 TABLE 1. Annual and seasonal rainfall (mm.) at stations in the Brunswick Penin- sula and nearest stations to the west of the peninsula for which records are available (after Almeyda and Saez, 1958). Years Location observed Annual Autumn % Winter % Spring % Summer % Punta Arenas 42 436 140 32 119 27 89 20 89 20 Puerto San Isidro (5347' S., 7058' W.) 39 864 252 29 180 21 190 22 238 28 Puerto San Miguel (5342' S., 7154' W.) 4 1,570 370 24 339 22 290 19 420 27 Bahia Felix (5257' S., 7407' W.) 42 4,866 1,293 27 1,116 23 1,174 24 1,289 26 Grupo Evangelistas (5223' S., 7507' W.) 41 2,625 720 27 630 24 620 24 670 25 Taitao has a rather distinct winter maximum while the portion to the south has a more uniform distribution (Rutland, 1957). Never- theless, as Table 1 illustrates, the majority of stations receive an autumnal maximum and a spring minimum. These differences are greater in the rain-shadow area than in the western portion; com- pare, for example, the data for Punta Arenas with that of Grupo Evangelistas and Bahia Felix. Butland (1957) points out there are differences in number of days with rain between the windward and leeward portions of southern Chile. The Grupo Evangelistas station, which is charac- teristic of the west coast, has on the average no month with more than five days without rain, which falls in the "... form of a driv- ing, drizzly, fine rain, lasting for hours, often for days and not infrequently for periods of a week or more, although downpours of heavy rain are also quite common" (Butland 1957, p. 29). The frequency of rainy days decreases to one in four in the rain shadow area. Temperature There is a notable absence of extremes of temperature in south- ern South America. The Pacific coastal area from Isla Guafo to Cabo de Homos has similar temperatures throughout the year, with a seasonal range of less than 6 C. (Butland, 1957). The sea- sonal range increases eastward. No portion of southern Chile ex- periences average sea-level temperatures below the freezing point in July, the coldest month (Almeyda & Saez, 1958; Butland, ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 5 1957). Eastern and central Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego appar- ently have the coldest winter temperatures in Tierra del Fuego with an increase northeastward. The Pacific side of southern South America is influenced by the Pacific-Antarctic drift from the northwest and results in a mild, oceanic tendency while the Atlantic coast is influenced by the northward, cold Falkland current which results in cold conditions in eastern Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia. Butland (1957, p. 21) points out that, "In this respect it is interesting and important to note that the archipelagic character, imposed on the south of the region by the penetration of Magellan's Strait, permits an exten- sion of maritime conditions to its eastern exit, splitting the cold Atlantic southeast into two cold nuclei around Puerto Gallegos and Rio Grande, north and south of the Strait respectively." The Bruns- wick Peninsula lies approximately mid-way in the Strait of Magel- lan and is thus strongly affected by the oceanic influence of the Strait. Butland states (1957, p. 21), "The lowest recorded tempera- ture is only 15 F. (9 C.) at Punta Arenas, but inland tempera- tures in winter undoubtedly fall below this recorded minimum, although they rarely register negative values on the Fahrenheit scale." See Table 2 for temperature data. To my knowledge there are no figures for the western portion of the Brunswick Peninsula, but I have included in Table 2 figures from Grupo Evangelistas, the nearest comparable area. TABLE 2. Median temperatures (C.) at stations in the Brunswick Peninsula and nearest stations to the west of the peninsula for which records are available (after Almeyda and Saez, 1958). Years Median maximum Location observed Annual January July for January Punta Arenas 42 6.7 11.1 2.3 15.2 Puerto San Isidro 29 5.9 9.3 2.6 12.4 (5347' S., 7058' W.) Grupo Evangelistas 23 6.4 8.7 4.4 10.6 (5223' S., 7507' W.) During the austral summer months the cool oceanic influence decreases northeastward from the Pacific. However, in no part of southern Chile can average summer temperatures be considered as warm, with mean temperatures of the three summer months rarely exceeding 10 C. in the greater part of Province Magellanes (But- 6 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 land, 1957). The lack of warmth in summer is a notable feature and one emphasized by Darlington (1965) in explaining plant and animal distribution patterns in southern South America. Wind. Southern Chile experiences prevailing westerly winds which most frequently originate from the northwest. Butland (1957, p. 24) published the following figures for Punta Arenas and stated, "The frequency and strength of the winds in the summer does much to explain the cool summer conditions experienced. . . ." Season (austral) Average strength in m.p.h. spring 9.6 summer 10.3 autumn 8.3 winter 6.9 II. COLLECTORS OF HEPATICAE AND ANTHOCEROTAE A. Gazetteer of Brunswick Peninsula Hepaticae Collection Localities The localities in this gazetteer may be located on the map (pi. 2). The numbers to the left of the localities correspond to the numbers indicating specific localities on the map. 1. Amarillo, Rio 5327' S., 7058' W. Halle, Skottsberg. 2. Arauz, Bahia 5332' S., 7222' W. Halle, Skottsberg. 3. Blanco, Rio 5334' S., 7056' W. Hassel de Menendez. 4. Bougainville, Bahia 5350' S., 7104' W. Astrolabe, Commerson, Dumont d'Urville, Engel, Hombron, Jacquinot, Le Guillou. 5. Bulnes, Fuerte 5337' S., 7056' W. Engel, Fulford, C. A. & G. Hassel de Me- nendez, R. Hatcher. 6. Cabeza del Mar, Hotel 5248' S., 7100' W. Ostafichuk. Cabeza del Mar, Seccion See Seccion Cabeza del Mar. Camden, Bahia See Camden, Caleta. 7. Camden, Caleta 5312' S., 7137' W. Engel. 8. Club Andino 5309' S., 7101' W. Engel, Imshaug, Schuster. 9. Colorado, Rio 5328' S., 7058' W. Halle, Skottsberg. 10. Condor, Monte 5320' S., 7223' W. Engel, Imshaug. Cutter, Caleta See Cutter, Puerto. 11. Cutter, Puerto 5322' S., 7225' W. Engel, Halle, Skottsberg. 12. El Parrillar, Laguna 5325' S., 7117' W. Engel, Pisano. Famine, Port See Hambre, Puerto del. 13. Fortescue, Bahia 5342' S., 7200' W. Engel, Safford. 14. Froward, Cabo 5354' S., 7118' W. Dusen. 15. Gallant, Puerto 5340' S., 7158' W. Cunningham, Dumont d'Urville, Dusen, Engel, Hombron, Jacquinot, Lechler, Le Guillou, Savatier, Wawra. 16. Grande, Rio 5305' S., 7120' W. Pisano. 17. Hambre, Puerto del 5338' S., 7056' W. Andersson, Astrolabe, Engel, Hassel de Menendez, Hombron, Jacquinot, Matteri. 18. Indio, Bahia del 5348' S., 7102' W. Pisano. 19. Isabel, Isla 5253' S., 7043' W. Megere. Jerome, Canal See Jeronimo, Canal. 8 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 20. Jeronimo, Canal 5323' S., 7229' W. Halle, Skottsberg. 21. La Quema, Ch. 5309' S., 7125' W. Engel. 22. Loreto, Mina 5308' S., 7101' W. Exp. Fac. C. F. E. & N., Scott Elliot. Magallanes, Estrecho de See Magellan, Strait of. Magelhaens Sund General term occasionally used with reference to collections of Andersson, who visited Puerto del Hambre (q. v., but see also comments on p. 39). Magellan, Strait of 5400' S., 7100' W. Albatross, Andersson, Ball, Collinson, Commerson, Coppinger, Couteaud, Cunningham, Dow, Dumont d'Urville, Dusen, Gortner, Hahn, Hombron, Hyades, Jacquinot, Lechler, Le Guillou, Megere, Nadaud, Naumann, Popeleur de Terloo, Pehlke, Pillwax, Racov- itza, Savatier, Schubert, Skottsberg, Spegazzini, Warnstorf, Wawra, (?Whinnii). 23. Mina Rica, Cerro 5307' S., 7107' W. Santesson. 24. Minas, Rio de las 5309' S., 7055' W. Engel, Exp. Fac. C. F. E. & N., Halle, Imshaug, Skottsberg. 25. Nassau, Isla 5350' S., 7104' W. Imshaug. 26. Negro, Cabo 5257' S., 7047' W. Ostafichuk. 27. Pomar, Puerto 5316' S., 7211' W. Halle, Skottsberg. 28. Punta Arenas 5309' S., 7055' W. Benove, Biese, Exp. Charcot, Cunningham, Darwin, Dusen, Engel, Exp. Fac. C. F. E. & N., Halle, Hyades, Lechler, Naumann, Racovitza, Santesson, Savatier, von Schrenk, Scott Elliot, Skottsberg, Spegazzini, Thaxter. Sandy Point See Punta Arenas. 29. San Isidro, Cabo 5347' S., 7058' W. Roivainen. 30. San Isidro, Puerto 5347' S., 7058' W. Roivainen. 31. San Juan, Rio 5339' S., 7056' W. Engel, Imshaug. 32. San Nicolas, Bahia 5350' S., 7106' W. Astrolabe, Dumond d'Urville, Engel, Hombron, Jacquinot, Le Guillou, Pisano. 33. Santa Ana, Punta 5338' S., 7055' W. Engel. 34. Santa Brigada, Punta 5350' S., 7104' W. Imshaug. 35. Seccion Cabeza del Mar 5242' S., 7056' W. Ostafichuk. 36. Silva Palma, Fiordo 5327' S., 7146' W. Pisano. 37. Titus, Angostura 5326' S., 7146' W. Pisano. 38. Tres Brazos, Rio 5316' S., 7056' W. Benove, Ostafichuk. 39. Tres Puentes 5307' S., 7056' W. Santesson, Schwabe. 40. Wood, Bahia 5349' S., 7138' W. Cunningham. York, Bahia See York, Rada. 41. York, Rada 5334' S., 7219' W. Lechler. 42. Yumbel, Rio 5348' S., 7102' W. Pisano. B. Excluded Collectors of Brunswick Peninsula Hepaticae Burchell See notes under Bazzania spruceana Steph. Forster John Reinhold Forster and his son John George Adam ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 72' PLATE 2. Collection localities of Brunswick Peninsula Hepaticae and Anthocero- tae. The numbers correspond to those to the left of specific localities in the gazet- teer. Forster accompanied Cook's second voyage. In southern South America the expedition did not enter the Strait of Magellan, but rather the botanical collections were made at Christmas Sound on the southern coast of Tierra del Fuego, and Isla Ano Nuevo, north of Isla de los Estados (see Godley, 1965). Hooker Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker served as botanist and assis- tant surgeon on the H.M.S. Erebus under the command of Capt. James Clark Ross. In southern South America the Erebus and Terror did not enter the straits, but rather spent a period in 1842 at Cabo San Martin on Isla Hermite (see Godley, 1965). 10 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Husnot T. Husnot did not visit southern South America. The sev- eral references that state Husnot collected Hepaticae in Pata- gonia or the Magellanian region all stem from erroneous inter- pretation of specimens which were originally communicated by Husnot. Menzies Archibald Menzies did not visit the Strait of Magellan; his collections in southern South America were made on Isla de los Estados (see Godley, 1965). Richard See note under Bazzania nitida. Rom = Herbarium Roma. Wilkes Charles Wilkes commanded the United States Exploring Expedition, which in southern South America made collections in Tierra del Fuego at Bahia Orange and Bahia Buen Suceso (see Godley, 1965). C. Personal Collection Localities and Numbers 1797-1855 PUERTO DEL HAMBRE: Nothofagus forest (ecoton- al), Fuerte Bulnes, Punta Santa Ana. 17 December 1967. 1856-1879a PUERTO DEL HAMBRE: Remnants of Nothofagus betuloides and Drimys forest, N. side of Rio San Juan, ca. 1 km. from straits. 17 December 1967. 1879b-1937 PUNTA ARENAS: Nothofagus woods E. of Mina Lor- eto on S. side of Rio de las Minas, ca. 215 m. 18 Decem- ber 1967. 1938-1991 PUNTA ARENAS: Ridge above refugio (Club Andino), 8 km. W. of Punta Arenas, 305-610 m. 19 December 1967. 1992-2043 SENO OTWAY: Nothofagus betuloides and Drimys forest at Bahia Camden. 10 December 1967. 2044-2067 SENO OTWAY: Along shore E. of Canelos and just W. of Ch. La Quema. 20 December 1967. 2068-2089 LAGUNO EL PARRILLAR: Nothofagus antarctica forest just E. of lake, ca. 365 m. 21 December 1967. 2090-2118 LAGUNO EL PARRILLAR: Sphagnum bog near E. shore of lake, ca. 365 m. 21 December 1967. 2119-2128 LAGUNO EL PARRILLAR: Old undisturbed Nothofa- gus pumilio forest, 4 km. E. of lake, ca. 305 m. 21 De- cember 1967. ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 11 2129-2186 PUERTO CUTTER: Between copper mine and river S. of mine. 23 December 1967. 2187-2219 PUERTO CUTTER: Along shore N. of copper mine. 23 December 1967. 2220-2237 PUERTO CUTTER: Moor W. of copper mine. 24 De- cember 1967. 2238-2264 PUERTO CUTTER: Rain forest slightly W. of copper mine. 24 December 1967. 2265-2297 PUERTO CUTTER: Coastal rocks at copper mine. 25 December 1967. 2298-2317 PUERTO CUTTER: Coastal rocks on N. side of copper mine. 25 December 1967. 2318-2357 PUERTO CUTTER: Stream in ravine at base of Monte Condor. 26 December 1967. 2358-2368 PUERTO CUTTER: Outcrops slightly W. of mine. 26 December 1967. 5944-6000 BAHIA FORTESCUE: Climax forest (Nothofagus be- tuloides and a few Drimys). 6 October 1969. 6001-6063 PUERTO GALLANT: Poorly developed woods (Notho- fagus betuloides, Empetrum, Pernettya) on NE side of port. 6 October 1969. 6064-6092 PUERTO GALLANT: Stream with cascades in open stand of Nothofagus betuloides, NE side of port. 6 Octo- ber 1969. 6305-6331 BAHIA SAN NICOLAS: Grassy slope on W. side of bay. 9 October 1969. 6332-6388 BAHIA SAN NICOLAS: Mature forest (Drimys, Noth- ofagus betuloides, Rhamnus, Berberis ilicifolia) on W. side of bay. 9 October 1969. 6389-6418 BAHIA SAN NICOLAS: Forest (Nothofagus betu- loides, Drimys) on E. side of bay. 9 October 1969. 6419-6448 BETWEEN BAHIA BOUGAINVILLE AND BAHIA SAN NICOLAS: Scattered mounds of Sphagnum in open mosaic of Empetrum and Nothofagus on ridge between bays, ca. 155 m. 9 October 1969. III. VEGETATION OF THE PENINSULA For extensive treatment of the vegetation of the Brunswick Pen- insula I refer the reader to the extensive treatment by Pisano (1973). Prior to the work of Pisano, both in 1973 and his earlier 1970 publication, comments regarding the vegetation of the Bruns- wick Peninsula are rather sparse. Some of the more significant contributions were made by Dusen (1903) and Skottsberg (1910, 1916). It is of interest to note the various maps which include Bruns- wick Peninsula vegetation types, especially delimitation of the evergreen-deciduous forest boundaries. Bougainville (1772) in- cluded a map of the vegetation along the Strait of Magellan and delimited an eastern pampas, a central forest region, and a west- ern non-forest region. The boundary of the central and western regions was placed at Cabo Quod, immediately west of the Jeron- omo Canal [see also comments in Godley (1965, p. 142)]. The map of Skottsberg (1910) included the area south of 41 S with three vegetation types indicated in the Brunswick Peninsula: an alpine zone, an evergreen forested region and a deciduous forested region, with a boundary between the forest types roughly connected by Bahia Camden and Puerto del Hambre. A similar boundary delim- iting forest types within the Brunswick Peninsula may be found in Skottsberg (1916, f. 1), Schmithiisen (1956, 1960), Butland (1957) (with a line slightly to the north), Holdgate (1961), and Hueck (1966) (with a line slightly to the north). Kuschel (1960) and Dar- lington (1965) include the peninsula in the "magellanic forest" re- gion. Young (1972) includes the following "vegetation formations" in the Brunswick Peninsula: 1) evergreen rain forest which fringes the western side of the peninsula; 2) evergreen transitional (mesic) forest which extends from the eastern boundary of the evergreen rain forest east to a line which roughly connects Punta Canelo with Punta Guairabo; and 3) summergreen forest which extends from the eastern transitional forest boundary to the peninsular neck. A portion of the vast Patagonian steppe lies in the neck of 12 ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 13 the peninsula and a steppe-forest boundary has been placed near Cabo Negro by Auer (1958), Rutland (1957), Holdgate (1961), Skottsberg (1910), and Young (1972). Godley (1960) modified the southern South American vegetation regions of Skottsberg (1910) and included a Magellanian moorland [see also the comments in Holdgate (1961)]. Plate 3 shows the vegetation regions of southern Chile south of 48 S from the map in Godley (1960). The moorland region occurs south of 48 S to Cabo de Hornos and is limited by the Magellanian rain forest to the east and Pacific Ocean to the west. The moorland is extremely wet, has a permanently saturated peaty soil and is exposed to violent winds. The ground supports a variety of bog associations, the dominant plants of which are Astelia pumila, Donatia fascicularis, Gaimar- dia australis, Tetroncium magellanicum, Oreobolus obtusangulus, and Caltha dioneaefolia (Kuschel, 1960). Nothofagus betuloides forests occur only scattered and discontinuous and chiefly on coastal fringes or in sheltered gullies [see also the comments in Holdgate (1961)]. In the Strait of Magellan area Godley (1960) placed the eastern boundary of the moorland just west of Canal Jeronomo [which is similar to the data of Bougainville (1772)], thus excluding this vegetation type from the Brunswick Peninsula. Pisano (1973) treats the meso-hygromorphic and hygromorphic plant communities of the Brunswick Peninsula and recognizes 22 plant communities at the level of association and 12 at the level of subassociation. These are grouped floristically into the following "biotic provinces": Magellanian Deciduous Forest, Magellanian Evergreen Forest, Patagonian Mixed Forest, and Magellanic Tun- dra. The vegetation studies of peripheral areas by Pisano should be consulted: Fiordo Toro (1970), Isla Capitan Aracena (1972), and Fiordo Parry (1971). In the "Ecology" discussions of numerous taxa included here I have referred to a "bryophyte rich fades" occurring in the ever- green Nothofagus region. This facies is characterized by extensive, thick, spongy carpets of bryophytes which mostly take the form of massive mounds covering the floor, frequently accompanied by small areas of standing water between the mounds. In the Pata- gonian Channel region this facies usually occurred within wooded areas, while in the Brunswick Peninsula localities where I ob- served this facies (inner portion of Puerto Gallant and widespread in Puerto Cutter area), trees and shrubs were absent or only sparsely present. It is of interest to note that this facies was totally 14 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 HAGELLANIC MOOR LAND.N.BETULOIDES ONLY LOCALLY DEVELOPED PLATE 3. The vegetation regions of southern South America south of 48 S. (after Godley, 1960). absent from the southeastern shores of Bahia Fortesque (which supported a climax forest of Nothofagus betuloides and a few Dri- mys with an inconspicuous floor cover of bryophytes), while imme- diately to the north at Puerto Gallant it was well developed. It may be that such factors as topography, drainage, exposure, and tem- perature are associated with the development of the "bryophyte rich fades". 1 'For a discussion of soil types and factors influencing peat formation in southern Chile see Holdgate (1961). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 15 ^ Patagonian steppe U Nothofagus antarctica-Chiliotrichium diffusum vv| Aquatic Nothotagus antarctica association Nothofagus pumilio Nothofagus betuloides-Drimys winter! Magellanian tundra Nothofagus betuloides -Drimys-Pseudopana* ^ Absence of vegetation PLATE 4. Simplified map of vegetation types in the Brunswick Peninsula redrawn from map by Pisano (in litt.). For a more detailed map see Pisano (1973). Mention should also be made here of the "scattered mounds of Sphagnum" which are mentioned in the "Ecology" discussions of several taxa. I encountered the rather extensive scattered Sphag- num mounds in an open mosaic of a fewEmpetrum and a few small Nothofagus on the ridge between Bahia Bougainville and Bahia San Nicolas. 1 This area likely once supported a rather extensive Sphagnum bog which at the present stage of succession exists merely as scattered mounds of Sphagnum. The mounds support an ensemble of Hepaticae typical of Sphagnum bogs, e.g., Calypogeia sphagnicola and Lophozia patagonica. 1 Young (1972) includes the Bahia San Nicolas area in the "evergreen transitional (mesic) forest" and states the "Sphagnum moorland" is almost entirely confined to these forests. Young (p. 313) further states that in the "Sphagnum moorland" there is a rather deep layer of peat with trees ". . . small and infrequent, probably because of the instability of the substrate." IV. PHYTOGEOGRAPHY A. The Phytogeographic Categories There are a large number of monotypic genera and stenotypic 1 species which possess a range centering about the cool, moist south temperate and subantarctic regions of the world. In this area there are also a high proportion of taxa which Schuster (1969a, p. 82) states "can be interpreted as 'relict' groups, rather than as rela- tively new and as yet undi versified groups." The chief difficulty in the assessment of the phytogeographical relationships of the Brunswick Peninsula Hepaticae and Anthocerotae is the delimita- tion of the south temperate and subantarctic patterns of distribu- tion. I have delimited these patterns after the concept of the zones or regions developed by Skottsberg (1910, 1916, 1960), Godley (1960), Wace (1960, 1965), and Greene (1964). I have recognized 14 categories of distribution patterns of Bruns- wick Peninsula Hepaticae. The Anthocerotae fall within three of these categories. The data for these distributions was gathered from specimens personally examined, and reports extracted from the literature. If the report is regarded as questionable, it is not included here. To my knowledge, references to Macquarie Island hepatics are restricted to the following: Hodgson (1953, 1961, 1962), Ashton and Gill (1965), Grolle (1966a, 1967), and Gillham (1967). The paucity of Macquarie Island reports undoubtedly af- fects the data in the amphipacific, pantemperate, and subantarctic groups. The only recorded hepatic species shared by the Brunswick Peninsula and Macquarie Island are Jamesoniella colorata and Lepidozia laevifolia (fide Hodgson in Ashton & Gill, 1965). I recognize 193 species of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae belonging to the Brunswick Peninsula flora. ! Taxa with very narrow habitat requirements. 16 ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 17 CONSPECTUS OF PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL CATEGORIES 1 Number of Percent of Category Species Total Flora I. Temperate A. American Temperate 1) Endemic 9 4.7 2) Falkland-Brunswick 3) Fuegian-Brunswick 19 9.8 4) Magellanian-Brunswick 29 15.0 5) Valdivian-Brunswick 6 3.1 6) Valdivian+Magellanian+Brunswick 91 47.2 7) Andean-Brunswick 5 2.6 B. Extra- American Temperate 1) Amphipacific temperate 8 4.1 2) Amphiatlantic temperate 11 5.7 3) Pan-temperate 5 2.6 II. Non-temperate A. Subantarctic 4 2.1 B. Antarctic C.Pan-tropical 1 0.52 D. Widespread 5 2.6 Total 193 J The category reference numbers and letters in the conspectus correspond to those attached to the headings within the text. I. TEMPERATE Species occurring within the south temperate regions of the world. A. American Temperate Species occurring within the south temperate regions of the American sector. There are four species which occur in southern South America as well as South Georgia (see category 6e). Their distribution is regarded as temperate rather than subantarctic, as northward extension from the subantarctic is not confined to higher altitudes. 1) Endemic to Brunswick Peninsula. It is likely that after more southern South American collections are examined the number of species endemic to the Brunswick Peninsula will be diminished, with the taxa in this category subsequently being placed in either category 4 or 5. Apometzgeria pubescens Colura patagonica Cheilolejeunea intricate. Plagiochila anthracina 18 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 PLATE 5. Lophocolea data (Gott.) Steph. Plagiochila cymbiformis (?) Plagiochila dusenii Plagiochila engelii Plagiochila parvidens (?) Radula diversifolia Although Apometzgeria pubescens is also distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, it is treated here because in the Southern Hemisphere it is restricted to the Brunswick Peninsula. The world- wide distribution of the species can be termed bipolar. 2) Falkland-Brunswick Peninsula. Taxa known only from the Brunswick Peninsula and the Falkland Islands. No species fall within this category. 3) Fuegian-Brunswick Peninsula. Species occurring in Tierra del Fuego (and occasionally Falkland Islands) and north of the ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 19 PLATE 6. Leptoscyphus aequatus (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mitt. Strait of Magellan only in the Brunswick Peninsula (pi. 5). Of the 19 taxa in this group, 63 per cent have been found to occur in the Fuegian portion of Magellanian moorland. Their occurrence in the moorland is indicated in the following list by an asterisk, and those taxa restricted to the moorland in Tierra del Fuego are indicated by a double asterisk. This region occurs south of 48 S to Cabo de Hornos, and is limited by the Magellanian rain forest to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west [see discussion and map in God- ley (1960), and also the discussion by Young (1972), who uses the term "alpine moorland"]. See p. 13 for notes on the term "moorland." Of the remaining seven taxa, Lophocolea elata is known from deciduous Nothofagus forests and Adelanthus tenuis, Frullania lobulata, and Pseudocephalozia cucullata from evergreen Nothofagus forests. Archeochaete kuehnemannii, Lophozia crispata, PLATE 7. Hygrolembidium isophyllum Schust. 20 ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 21 and Frullania patagonica occur in the deciduous and evergreen Nothofagus forest regions. A dagger indicates occurrence in the Falkland Islands. t* Adelanthus integerrimus t Adelanthus tenuis * Allisoniella subbipartita t Archeochaete kuehnemannii ** Archilejeunea fuegiana t** Balantiopsis bisbifida ** Cephalolobus sphenoloboides ** Colura naumannii Frullania lobulata Frullania patagonica * Gackstroemia hariotiana t** Harpalejeunea marginalis * Harpalejeunea parasitica * Krunodiplophyllum squarrosum t Lophocolea elata Lophozia crispata ** Plagiochila arborescens Pseudocephalozia cucullata t* Riccardia fuscobrunnea 4) Magellanian-Brunswick Peninsula. Species occurring from Fuegia north to 48 S. or only from Brunswick Peninsula north to 48 S. (the Falkland Islands are often also included) (pi. 6-7). The northern boundary was affixed by Skottsberg (1916) to delimit the Magellanian and Valdivian regions and has been widely followed by various authors. Of the 29 taxa in this group, 79 per cent have been found in the Magellanian moorland, and these are so indi- cated by an asterisk. Of the remaining six taxa Hygrolembidium isophyllum is known from deciduous Nothofagus forests, and Ce- phaloziella gemmata from evergreen Nothofagus forests. Anastro- phyllum ciliatum, Cephalozia patagonica, Cephaloziella verrucosa, and Riccardia diversiflora are known from both evergreen and de- ciduous Nothofagus forests. A dagger indicates occurrence in the Falkland Islands. t Anastrophyllum ciliatum * Anastrepta longissima * Anastrophyllum involutifolium t* Andrewsianthus australis * Cephalozia heteroica Cephalozia patagonica Cephaloziella gemmata Cephaloziella verrucosa t* Chiloscyphus hookeri * Chiloscyphus magellanicus * Clasmatocolea navistipula * Clasmatocolea puccioana t* Evansianthus georgiensis t* Frullania microcaulis t* Gackstroemia patagonica * Harpalejeunea decurvicuspis t Hygrolembidium isophyllum t* Kurzia mollis t* Kurzia setiformis t* Leptoscyphus aequatus * Megaceros endiviaefolius t* Plagiochila obovata * Plagiochila pseudansata Riccardia diversiflora t* Saccogynidium vasculosum * Schistochila cunninghamii t* Schistochila leucophylla t* Schistochila splachnophylla t* Telaranea oligophylla 5) Valdivian-B runs wick Peninsula. Species occurring in the FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 53 PLATE 8. Lophocolea sylvatica Mitt. Brunswick Peninsula (and occasionally Falkland Islands) and Chile and/or Andean Patagonia (see p. 25 for definition) north of 48 S. and south of 36 S. (pi. 8). The taxa in this group, except for their occurrence in the Brunswick Peninsula, are unknown from the Magellanian region. Skottsberg (1916, p. 13) places the north- ern boundary of the Valdivian region at 40 S., while Kuschel (1960) states that the zone occurs from 36 S. in the Andes, 37 S. in the coastal range and 38 S. in the central valley. As stated above, the southern boundary of the region has been placed at 48 S. This forest region is characterized by possessing a "species ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 23 rich" vegetation, dominated by Eucryphia cordifolia, Laurelia ser- rata, Weinmannia trichosperma, and Anomyrtus spp. (Holdgate, 1961). The following species are known to occur on the mainland, and those taxa indicated by an asterisk are also found on Juan Fernandez. A dagger indicates occurrence on the Falkland Islands. t Lejeunea corralensis Metzgeria divaricata t* Lophocolea sylvatica t* Plagiochila gayana Lophozia patagonica Plagiochila latifrons 6) Valdivian + Magellanian + Brunswick Peninsula. Species which are essentially widespread in the American temperate zone (pi. 9-12). Of the 91 taxa in this group, 77 per cent are known to occur in the Magellanian moorland. Their occurrence in the moor- land is indicated by an asterisk. It should be repeated here that the moorland occurs south of 48 S. and thus is restricted to the Magel- lanian floristic region. With regard to the Magellanian region, of the remaining 23 per cent, Clasmatocolea rigens, Diplophyllum acutilobum, Leptophyllopsis irregularis, Megaceros fuegiensis, and Temnoma pilosum occur in the deciduous Nothofagus zone. Aphan- olejeunea asperrima, Austrolejeunea radulifolia, Isotachis grossi- dens, Lethocolea radicosa, Plagiochila ansata, P. equitans, P. hirta, P. neesiana, Riccardia autoica, and Schistochila reflexa occur in the evergreen Nothofagus region. Lophocolea sabuletorum, Metzgeria violacea, Plagiochila jacquinotii, Riccardia opuntiiformis, R. pa- tens, Symphyogyna hochstetteri, and Telaranea pseudozoopsis occur in the deciduous and evergreen Nothofagus regions. (I have not attempted to place Plagiochila oligodon and P. remotidens due to insufficient data regarding these taxa.) A dagger indicates occur- rence in the Falkland Islands. The taxa, with the exception of groups e and f, are arranged according to their latitudinal range. a) South from 45 S. (pi. 9): * Clasmatocolea obvoluta * Plagiochila duricaulis t* Lepicolea rigida * Pseudolepicolea quadrilaciniata t* Lophocolea divaricata Riccardia opuntiiformis * Paraschistochila spegazziniana t* Riccardia spectabilis b) South from 4330' S. (line from north side of I. Guafo) (pi. 10): * Acromastigum cunninghamii t* Lophocolea leptantha * Chiloscyphus pallido-virens t* Metahygrobiella tubulata t* Clasmatocolea cookiana * Metzgeria decrescens t* Leptoscyphus patagonicus t Plagiochila ansata 24 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 t Plagiochila hirta * Pleurocladopsis simulans * Riccardia spegazziniana c) South from 40 S. (pi. 11): * Apometzgeria frontipilis t* Blepharidophyllum gottscheanum t Diplophyllum acutilobum Isotachis grossidens * Leptoscyphus horizontalis t* Lophocolea textilis t Megaceros fuegiensis Plagiochila equitans t* Riccardia alcicornis Riccardia autoica * Riccardia fuegiensis * Schistochila quadrifida t* Telaranea plumulosa * Telaranea seriatitexta * Riccardia mycophora t* Riccardia pallidevirens Riccardia patens * Riccardia rivularis * Riccardia spinulifera t* Riccardia tenax * Schistochila gayana ?t* Schistochila laminigera t Telaranea pseudozoopsis Temnoma pilosum * Tylimanthus flavicans d) South from 36 S.; from latitude indicated (pi. 12): t* Anastrepta bifida (3952' S.) t* Aphanolejeunea asperrima (3952' S.) t* Balantiopsis cancellata (3948' S.) * Chiloscyphus valdiviensis (3936' S.) t* Clasmatocolea fulvella (3650' S.) * Clasmatocolea gayana (3953' S.) * Clasmatocolea trachyopa (3956' S.) t* Frullania boveana (3953' S.) t* Frullania magellanica (3952' S.) t* Gackstroemia magellanica (3952' S.) * Herberta runcinata (3936' S.) t* Isotachis humectata (3643' S.) * Lepidolaena menziesii (3650' S.) t* Lophocolea austrigena (3952' S.) * Lophocolea gottscheoides (3650' S.) * Lophocolea otiphylla (3643' S.) t Metzgeria violacea (3946' S.) * Plagiochila bispinosa (3916' S.) * Plagiochila dura (3938' S.) t* Plagiochila elata (3936' S.) * Plagiochila fuegiensis (3938' S.) * Radula flavifolia (3650' S.) t* Radula helix (3938' S.) * Riccardia floribunda (3952' S.) * Riccardia umbrosa (3956' S.) * Schistochila lamellata (3952' S.) Schistochila reflexa (3946' S.) * Schistochila subimmersa (3927' S.) * Stohnophora abnormis (3650' S.) t* Telaranea blepharostoma (3948' S.) * Trichocolea elegans (3948' S.) t* Tylimanthus urvilleanus (3938' S.) e) Valdivian+Magellanian+ Brunswick Peninsula + South Geor- gia. The species listed here are considered as south temperate rather than subantarctic, as northward extension from the sub- antarctic is not confined to higher altitudes. t* Cephaloziella dusenii t Clasmatocolea rigens t* Lepidozia chordulifera t* Roivainenia jacquinotii f) Species about which insufficient knowledge is known concern- ing range: Austrolejeunea radulifolia t* Lepidozia fuegiensis t Leptophyllopsis irregularis t Lethocolea radicosa ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 25 t Lophocolea sabuletorum * Plagiochila rectangulata * Plagiochila jacquinotii * Plagiochila remotidens Plagiochila neesiana t Symphyogyna hochstetteri Plagiochila oligodon Skottsberg (1910, 1916) and Moore (1968) recognize three vege- tation zones in the region south of 40 S.: i. West Patagonia. The region including the west slope of the Andes to the Pacific Ocean, characterized by high precipita- tion and supportive of lush rain forests and Magellanian moorland. ii. Andean Patagonia. The eastern slope of the Andes from base to snowline. This region experiences moderate rainfall and supports a deciduous, comparatively dry forest. Hueck (1966) recognizes two forested regions which extend to Andean Pa- tagonia: the Northern Nothofagus forests which are composed predominantly of two species of deciduous Nothofagus (N. obliqua and N. procera) and the Araucaria-Libocedrus zone. iii. East Patagonia. The steppe region, ranging east from the Andean foothills, characterized by grassland and xerophytic shrubs. As is to be expected, the vast majority of Hepaticae in categories 3, 4, and 5, given in preceding pages here, occur predominantly in the West Patagonian zone. The following Valdivian-Magellanian Hepaticae and Anthocerotae occur within the Andean Patagonia zone, and nearly all in the Lago Nahuel Huapi region. In nearly all instances, the species also occur, within the Valdivian region, on the west side of the Andes. Apometzgeria frontipilis Riccardia autoica Clasmatocolea fulvella Riccardia floribunda Clasmatocolea rigens Riccardia fuegiensis Frullania magellanica Riccardia mycophora Isotachis grossidens Riccardia patens Isotachis humectata Riccardia rivularis Lepidolaena menziesii Riccardia tenax Lepidozia chordulifera Riccardia umbrosa Lophocolea textilis Roivainenia jacquinotii Megaceros fuegiensis Schistochila laminigera Metzgeria violacea Telaranea pseudozoopsis Plagiochila bispinosa Temnoma pilosum Plagiochila elata Trichocolea elegans Plagiochila rectangulata Tylimanthus flavicans Radula flavifolia Tylimanthus urvilleanus Riccardia alcicornis 50 PLATE 9. Lepicolea rigida (De Not.) Scott. 26 50 PLATE 10. Telaranea plumulosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Fulf. 27 PLATE 11. Lophocolea textilis (Hook. f. & Tayl.) G. L. & N. 28 PLATE 12. Gackstroemia magellanica (Lam.) Trev. 29 SOUTH AMERICA PLATE 13. Pseudocephalozia quadriloba (Steph.) Schust. ( + Inaccessible Island). 30 ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 31 PLATE 14. Temnoma quadripartitum (Hook.) Mitt. Megaceros fuegiensis is the only species of Valdivian-Magel- lanian Hepaticae or Anthocerotae to occur in east Patagonia. Of the remaining Brunswick Peninsula taxa, Anthoceros punctatus, Leptoscyphus expansus, Marchantia berteroana, M. polymorpha, and Reboulia hemisphaerica also occur here. 7) Andean-Brunswick Peninsula. Species extending north of 36 S. in the Andes (pi. 13). Of the American temperate species, there are five taxa which have utilized the Andes as a migratory route. A dagger indicates occurrence on the Falkland Islands. Bazzania peruviana Chiloscyphus integrifolius t Noteroclada confluens Porella subsquarrosa t Pseudocephalozia quadriloba s I 3 I I W 32 ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 33 B. Extra-American Temperate 1. Amphipacific Temperate Distribution mainly in temperate parts of the South Pacific in the southern hemisphere, i.e., temperate South America (occasion- ally Juan Fernandez), New Zealand, Tasmania, and Southeast Australia (pi. 14-15). There are varying degrees of penetration northward into the New Zealand sector, and the taxa have been arranged accordingly. One asterisk indicates occurrence on New Zealand shelf islands, two indicate occurrence in New Zealand, and three indicate occurrence on New Zealand shelf islands and New Zealand. Only Metzgeria decipiens occurs in the Northern Hemi- sphere. a) To North Island (pi. 14): * Temnoma quadripartitum b) To Tasmania: *** Anastrophyllum schismoides *** Lepidozia laevifolia ** Calypogeia sphagnicola ** Triandrophyllum subtrifidum (The world-wide distribution of C. sphagnicola can be termed bipolar.) c) To Australia: *** Lophocolea lenta *** Riccardia crassa d) To Japan (pi. 15): ** Metzgeria decipiens 2. Amphiatlantic Temperate Distributed mainly in temperate parts of the south Atlantic, i.e., temperate South America, and South Africa (plus occasionally Tristan da Cunha) (pi. 16). Species whose sole occurrence in the Indian Ocean sector is on subantarctic islands are included here and indicated by an asterisk. They are not considered as subant- arctic species, as northward extensions from the subantarctic are not restricted to higher altitudes. Adelanthus lindenbergianus Hyalolepidozia bicuspidata * Blepharidophyllum clandestinum Lepicolea ochroleuca * Blepharidophyllum densifolium Leptoscyphus expansus * Clasmatocolea humilis * Riccardia prehensilis Clasmatocolea vermicularis Schistochila alata Colura calyptrifolia 34 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 PLATE 16. Leptoscyphus expansus (Lehm.) Grolle. Adelanthus lindenbergianus, Clasmatocolea vermicularis, Lepico- lea ochroleuca, and Leptoscyphus expansus penetrate north via the Andes to lower latitudes and, with the exception of L. expansus, reach into the Northern Hemisphere. They constitute an ensemble of rather plastic, polystenic species which are able to adapt to a variety of ecological niches. Leptoscyphus expansus is particularly xeric tolerant as it is one of the six Brunswick Peninsula taxa known from the East Patagonia zone. Among the wide ranging taxa, Lepicolea ochroleuca perhaps has the narrowest ecological requirements, especially moisture requirements. 3. Pan-Temperate Species occurring in temperate regions of South America, New Zealand/Australia, and South Africa (pi. 17). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 35 PLATE 17. Jamesoniella colorata (Lehm.) Schiffn. Acrobolbus ochrophyllus Bazzania nitida Cryptochila grandiflora II. NON-TEMPERATE Jamesoniella colorata Marchantia berteroana A. Subantarctic Species occurring on one or more subantarctic islands (as defined by Greene, 1964) of at least one sector (e.g., American (A), Indian Ocean (I), or New Zealand (NZ)) with northward extensions only at higher altitudes (pi. 18). If one includes cool, south temperate taxa in this group, the number of species becomes drastically inflated, and the south temperate and subantarctic elements merge and become confused. Several authors have not recognized the south temperate and subantarctic regions (as defined here) and have in- 36 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 PLATE 18. Herzogobryum erosum (Carring. & Pears.) Grolle. eluded the patterns under the single category of "antipodal" (Schuster 1963c, 1969a, etc.), "subantarctic" (Grolle, 1969b, and others), or "antarctic" (Fulford, 1963b, 1966). There are only four subantarctic species within the Brunswick flora. None of the spe- cies occurs on Juan Fernandez, or penetrates northward beyond the Valdivian region. The sectors in which the taxa occur are indi- cated after each species. Cephalozia badia (A) Herzobryum erosum (A, NZ) Leptoscyphus abditus (I) Riccardia georgiensis (A, I) B. Antarctic Species occurring in the Antarctic zone (as defined by Greene, 1964), with northward extensions into the subantarctic or temper- 1 s g) IP 37 38 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 ate zones only at higher altitudes. There are no species of the Brunswick Peninsula flora that may be included here. C. Pan-Tropical Species occurring in tropical regions of all three sectors, i.e., America, Africa, and Asia-Australasia. The only species which may be included here is Lophocolea muricata. D. Widespread Species not in any of the above categories (pi. 19) Anthoceros punctatus Metegeria leptoneura Leptoscyphus cuneifolius Reboulia hemisphaerica Marchantia polymorpha B. Distribution within the Brunswick Peninsula The Brunswick Peninsula is ideally situated for a study of the distribution of Hepaticae in relationship to degree of rainfall, the chief climatic variable within the region. There are dramatic changes in rainfall within the Brunswick Peninsula, from under 400 mm. annually near the neck of the peninsula to 1,500 mm. at the western end (see pi. I). 1 The distribution of each taxon of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae within the Brunswick Peninsula is indicated in Table 4. The total number of species, which is recorded for each locality at the bottom of the table, indicates a dramatic increase in species diversity to- ward the south and west. As discussed below, the area traversed by the 1,000 mm. isohyet appears to be a critical one. It is of interest to note that 55 taxa are restricted to regions to the south and west, i.e., regions receiving more than 1,000 mm. annual rainfall, while only 17 are restricted to eastern-northern regions or those receiv- ing less than 1,000 mm. annual rainfall. The species diversity thus increases nearly three-fold in the wetter portion of the Brunswick Peninsula. In order to determine the extent of distribution of various taxa within the Brunswick Peninsula, the taxa occurring at a given locality were grouped according to the easternmost point at which they occur (see table 3). Only localities which were personally vis- ^isano (1973, p. 145) published a rainfall map which was adapted from Jerez & Arancibia (1972). The data is similar to that in Plate 1, except Pisano's map indi- cates that the southwestern portion of the peninsula is wetter (with a 2,000 mm. isohyet in this area). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 39 ited were grouped, and on Table 3 commence with the westernmost locality visited followed by stations eastward. A taxon is included in a group only if it is absent from points westward. Puerto Cutter Region Group One third of the taxa occurring in the Puerto Cutter region have their easternmost locality in the Bahia San Nicolas region. The 1,000 mm. isohyet passes directly through the Bahia San Nicolas region and it is probable that this level is a critical one which creates a tension zone for distribution of Hepaticae. The paucity of taxa present at stations on the table to the right of Bahia San Nicolas is likely due to the fact that these localities lie north of the critical 1,000 mm. isohyet and receive insufficient amounts of rain- fall. Further, Puerto del Hambre, which is only 17 miles north of Bahia San Nicolas and lies nearly on the 700 mm. isohyet, has only eight Puerto Cutter region group taxa. The following six taxa, collected by N. G. Andersson, were all stated to have been collected at Puerto del Hambre, but have not been re-collected there in recent times: Anastrophyllum involutifolium Kurzia setiformis Clasmatocolia gayana Schistochila alata Clasmatocolea obvoluta Schistochila lamellata I question the precise locality of these Andersson collections, and believe there is a distinct possibility that the taxa may have been collected at localities on the Brunswick Peninsula other than Puerto del Hambre (=Port Famine), the only locality mentioned in Angstrom (1872). The Andersson collections I have studied read either Port Famine or "Magelhaens Sund." 1 The Bahia San Nicolas-Puerto del Hambre region is a tension zone with regard to distribution of Hepaticae within the peninsula. 'Andersson was a passenger on the Swedish frigate Eugenie which, according to Skogman (1854-1855), anchored at several stops on the Brunswick Peninsula. The party arrived at Puerto del Hambre on 30 January 1852 and spent several days at this anchorage. Skogman (op. cit.) states Andersson collected on the slopes of Mt. Tarn, and that a party also explored Punta Santa Ana. After departing Puerto del Hambre, the Eugenie next anchored at Bahia San Nicolas, but, while I find no reference to a shore party being sent to the mainland, there is mention of a party which hunted birds on a small island (which is probably Isla Nassau). The Eugenie subsequently anchored at Bahia Woods on 6 February followed by several days (apparently 7-9 February) at Rada York. There is thus the possibility that at least some Hepaticae may have been collected at Bahia San Nicolas, Isla Nassau, Bahia Woods, and Rada York. The frigate sailed west from Rada York on 10 February. 40 s- . o 10 CC 0. oc ^ < o Q. CC _, HI o o LU >l < oc > CJ o u- ; O (0 si m LU li CC LU 03 s < " 5||.g M| g , g .3 'a^ ca -^ -s _ >- c 73 -C ^^ ^ c -S 4) CU - --H <; 6^ .2-g o x _c Tfi ^ y ,2 JQ * J3 *j CO CO % **< % V ^ a J3 *J >> co -^ TO M j^ .^ j *j be ^ S pa g _2 "S " 8. si! 41 TABLE 4. Distribution of taxa of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae within the Brunswick Peninsula. The data is based upon specimens examined, plus those literature rec- ords which I consider to be reliable. An asterisk indicates a report based upon an early collection; these taxa have not been re-collected there in recent times. i ti * B 4 4 Acrobolbus ochrophyllus X Acromastigum cunninghamii X Adelanthus integerrimus X X Adelanthus lindenbergianus XXX XXXXXXX Adelanthus tenuis X X Allisoniella subbipartita X Anastrepta longissima X Anastrophyllum ciliatum XX X X Anastrophyllum involutifolium XXX Anastrophyllum schismoides X Andrewsianthus australis X Anthoceros punctatus X Aphanolejeunea asperrima X Apometzgeria frontipilis XXX X Apometzgeria pubescens X X Archeochaete kuehnemannii X X Archilejeunea fuegiana X Austrolejeunea radulifolia X Balantiopsis bisbifida X Balantiopsis cancellata X Bazzania peruviana X X Blepharidophyllum clandestinum XXX X Blepharidophyllum densifolium XXX X XX X Blepharidophyllum gottscheanum XXX Calypogeia sphagnicola X XX Cephalolobus sphenoloboides X Cephalozia badia X Cephalozia heteroica X Cephalozia patagonica X X Cephaloziella dusenii X X Cephaloziella gemmata X 42 c e a '& 'I a I I S 1 f? <8 .s I K I a 1 3 i, ? '2 CE 8 Cephaloziella verrucosa X Cheilolejeunea intricata X Chiloscyphus hookeri var. constantifolius X XX Chiloscyphus hookeri var. hookeri XXX XX Chiloscyphus integrifolius X Chiloscyphus magellanicus X Chiloscyphus pallido-virens XX XXXXX XX Chiloscyphus valdiviensis XXX Clasmatocolea cookiana XXX Clasmatocolea fulvella XX * Clasmatocolea gayana X X X * * Clasmatocolea humilis X X X X X Clasmatocolea navistipula X X X XX Clasmatocolea obvoluta X X X * Clasmatocolea puccioana X X Clasmatocolea rigens X XXXXXXX Clasmatocolea trachyopa XXX Clasmatocolea vermicularis X X Colura calyptrifolia X Colura naumannii X Colura patagonica X Cryptochila grandiflora X X Diplophyllum acutilobum X Evansianthus georgiensis X Frullania boveana XXX Frullania lobulata XXX Frullania magellanica XXX X XXXXXX Frullania microcaulis X Frullania patagonica XX XX Gackstroemia hariotiana X Gackstroemia magellanica XXXXXXXX * Gackstroemia patagonica X Harpalejeunea decurvicuspis X Harpalejeunea marginalis X X Harpalejeunea parasitica X X 43 e I n | . I I } j I 1=1 > ! a 1 1 S 1 1 a | .8 JS 45 K fi'fiS. a P5ajgtf ! ? i 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 ' i i K S S 55^^1I2 ^ w i I ? 1 , s I 1 1 4 1 1 a DnO OO^WT3"r W iliiliii!l sscBss'Ssslj'gSS.S'a (XfiK(09&fiJd5KfiuO 3|3|.I3l!fl I Herberta runcinata X X Herzogobryum erosum X Hyalolepidozia bicuspidata X X Hygrolembidium isophyllum X Isotachis grossidens X Isotachis humectata XXX X X Jamesoniella colorata XXX X Krunodiplophyllum squarrosum X Kurzia mollis X X Kurzia setiformis X X Lejeunea corralensis X X Lepicolea ochroleuca X X Lepicolea rigida XXX Lepidolaena menziesii XXX XX X Lepidozia chordulifera X X XXXXX X Lepidozia fuegiensis XXX Lepidozia laevifolia XX XX Leptoscyphus abditus X X Leptoscyphus aequatus XXX Leptoscyphus cuneifolius X Leptoscyphus expansus XXXX XXXXXXXX Leptoscyphus horizontalis XXX X Leptoscyphus patagonicus X X Leptophyllopsis irregularis X Lethocolea radicosa X Lophocolea austrigena X X Lophocolea elata X Lophocolea divaricata X Lophocolea gottscheoides XXX Lophocolea lenta X X Lophocolea leptantha X X X XXXXXXX Lophocolea muricata X Lophocolea otiphylla XXX Lophocolea sabuletorum X X Lophocolea sylvatica X Lophocolea textilis XXX X 44 Puerto Pomar Region Puerto Cutter Region Rada York-Bahia Arauz Puerto Gallant Region Bahia Wood Bahia San Nicolas Regioi Puerto/Cabo San Isidro Puerto del Hambre Regie Laguno El Parrillar Seno Otway Region Rio Tres Brazos Region Punta Arenas Region Chabunco Region Cabeza del Mar Region Lophozia crispata Lophozia patagonica Marchantia berteroana Marchantia polymorpha Megaceros endiviaefolius Megaceros fuegiensis Metzgeria decipiens Metzgeria decrescens Metzgeria divaricata Metzgeria leptoneura Metzgeria violacea Noteroclada confluens Paraschistochila spegazziniana Plagiochila ansata Plagiochila anthracina Plagiochila arborescens Plagiochila duricaulis Plagiochila elata Plagiochila engelii Plagiochila equitans Plagiochila fuegiensis Plagiochila gayana Plagiochila hirta Plagiochila latifrons Plagiochila obovata Plagiochila parvidens Plagiochila pseudansata Pleurocladopsis simulans Porella subsquarrosa Pseudocephalozia cucullata Pseudocephalozia quadriloba Pseudolepicolea quadrilaciniata Radula diversifolia Radula flavifolia Radula helix Reboulia hemisphaerica X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 45 : , I 8 I S HI! a*!,* if ,i Ijfll J > Sliss'332s3 u Riccardia alcicornis X Riccardia autoica X X Riccardia crassa X Riccardia diversiflora X X Riccardia floribunda X X Riccardia fuegiensis X Riccardia fuscobrunea X Riccardia georgiensis XX XX Riccardia mycophora X Riccardia opuntiiformis X X Riccardia pallidevirens XXX Riccardia patens XX X Riccardia prehensilis X X XXX X Riccardia spectabilis X X XX Riccardia spegazziniana X X Riccardia spinulifera X Riccardia tenax X X X X X X Riccardia umbrosa X X Roivaineniajacquinotii X X X X X Saccogynidium vasculosum X Schistochila alata X X Schistochila gayana X Schistochila lamellata XXX X Schistochila laminigera X X XXX Schistochila leucophylla X Schistochila quadrifida X Schistochila reflexa X Schistochila splachnophylla X Schistochila subimmersa X Stolonophora abnormis X Symphyogyna hochstetteri X Telaranea blepharostoma X Telaranea oligophylla XXX Telaranea plumulosa X X XXX Telaranea pseudozoopsis X X Temnoma pilosum X 46 d g g 1 1 1 1 1=1 i -R 'ft & e > .2 g> 1111 ! S I I 'I * f * " II 1 1 I 1 Temnoma quadripartitum var. quadripartitum X X XX Temnoma quadripartitum var. randii X Triandrophyllum subtrifidum var. trifldum X X X X Trichocolea elegans X X XX Tylimanthus flavicans XXX Tylimanthus urvilleanus X X X XXXXX Total number of taxa 2 93 17 97 2 86 19 55 24 18 13 38 5 2 47 48 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Since I question the precise locality of several of the Andersson collections, I am not including the six taxa in the Puerto Cutter- Puerto del Hambre category. Rather, the taxa are tabulated with reference to the next collection site west, e.g.,Anastrophyllum invo- lutifolium is included in the Puerto Cutter-Bahia San Nicolas cate- gory (table 4). The Puerto Gallant region receives a rainfall comparable to that of the Puerto Cutter region, and it may be that the Puerto Gallant region receives a rainfall level which is a critical amount in excess of that received by Bahia San Nicolas, as there are 16 taxa of the Puerto Cutter region group not occurring at points east-north of Puerto Gallant (table 3). For taxa in the Puerto Cutter region group the critical rainfall level regarding extent of distribution northward-eastward is thus between 1,000 and 1,500 mm. an- nually. The taxa listed below occurred in both Puerto Cutter and Punta Arenas (plus the majority of points between the two). An asterisk indicates a report based upon an early collection from the Punta Arenas region. (An asterisk also marks the early Punta Arenas reports of these species in Table 4.) These species have not been recollected at Punta Arenas in recent times, and further, are not represented in my collections from that region. It may be that nineteenth-century collectors used "Punta Arenas" in a general sense to indicate a considerable expanse of territory surrounding the actual port, in which case the locality loses its meaning for our purposes. Since I regard the Punta Arenas locality as questionable with regard to those species indicated by an asterisk, I have not included them in the Puerto Cutter-Punta Arenas category in Ta- ble 3. Rather, the taxa are tabulated with reference to the next collection site west. It is certainly possible that these species were actually once collected in the Punta Arenas region, but are pres- ently extinct in that region. The physiognomy of the Punta Arenas region has undergone profound alterations resulting from man's development and occupation of the region, and one of the chief causes of this change has been extensive lumbering. As a result of this change, many of the species which were collected in the area prior to its development are now extinct in this region. Adelanthus lindenbergianus * Clasmatocolea gayana Blepharidophyllum densifolium * Clasmatocolea puccioana Chiloscyphus pallido-virens Frullania magellanica * Clasmatocolea fulvella * Frullania patagonica ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 49 * Gackstroemia magellanica Marchantia berteroana * Lepidolaena menziesii * Megaceros endivaefolius Lepidozia chordulifera * Metzgeria leptoneura * Leptoscyphus aequatus Riccardia tenax Leptoscyphus expansus Tylimanthus urvilleanus Lophocolea leptantha Puerto Gallant Region Group The paucity of taxa in each of the locality categories results from the fact that most of the taxa occurring in the Puerto Gallant region also occur in the Puerto Cutter region, and are thus in- cluded in the Puerto Cutter region group. Bahia San Nicolas Region Group Following is a list of the 15 taxa included within this group in Table 3. Adelanthus tennis Lophozia patagonica Archeochaete kuehnemannii Marchantia polymorpha Calypogeia sphagnicola Noteroclada confluens Cephalozia patagonica Plagiochila equitans Cephaloziella dusenii Riccardia diversiflora Clasmatocolea rigens Riccardia georgiensis Lophocolea textilis Riccardia patens These species do not occur in regions receiving more than 1,000 mm. of annual rainfall and it is likely that they are largely intoler- ant of rainfall levels in excess of this figure. Of these taxa only Cephaloziella dusenii and Lophocolea textilis are known from the Magellanian moorland. For an enumeration of the taxa endemic to the Bahia San Nicolas region see Table 4. Puerto Del Hambre Region Group The following is a list of the five taxa included within this group in Table 3. Apometzgeria pubescens Reboulia hemisphaerica Lophocolea lenta Roivainenia jacquinotii Metzgeria violacea These species do not occur in regions receiving more than 700 mm. annual rainfall, and it is likely that they are largely intolerant of rainfall levels in excess of this figure. Of these taxa only Roivai- nenia jacquinotii occurs in the Magellanian moorland and it is not 50 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 common there. None of these taxa are local in distribution: Apo- metzgeria pubescens is bipolar, Lophocolea lenta is amphipaciflc temperate, Reboulia hemisphaerica is widespread, and Metzgeria violacea and Roivainenia jacquinotii are rather widely distributed in southern South America. Laguna El Parrillar Group A single species, Leptoscyphus abditus, occurs in the Laguna El Parrillar-Punta Arenas category, and none in the Laguna El Parrillar-Seno Otway category. Stenotypic Taxa in the Flora The large number of species endemic to the specific groups above, i.e., 23 found only in the Puerto Gallant region, 19 in the Puerto Cutter region, 13 in the Bahia San Nicolas region, 10 in the Puerto del Hambre region, is a reflection of the large number of stenotypic taxa in the Brunswick Peninsula flora. I have observed, not only in the Brunswick Peninsula, but in the Patagonian Chan- nel region as well, that there are a large number of taxa which occur only if a precise combination of microhabitat requirements is available. V. SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT A. Introduction 1. Format The sequence of orders and families follows the system of classi- fication outlined in Schuster (1966b). The austral genera not placed in families in Schuster are placed where appropriate. The genera are arranged in alphabetical order within families, and species in alphabetical order within genera. 2. Nomenclature and Literature Citations a. Author Citations Author citations follow the abbreviations in Sayre et al. (1964). b. Journal Citations Journal citations follow, with slight modification, the abbrevia- tions in the World List of Scientific Periodicals (Brown and Strat- ton, 1963-1965). The titles of journals not included in the World List have been abbreviated in a similar manner. c. Synonymy Wherever possible, I have attempted to provide a full synonymy for each taxon. In the citation of synonyms, I have used cf. and fide in the sense used in Index Muscorum (Wijk et al., 1959-1969), i.e., the former as "confer, compare, a reference to an implicit state- ment by an author concerning a question of taxonomic synonymy," and the latter as "according to, a reference to an explicit statement by an author concerning a question of taxonomic synonymy." d. Typifications I have attempted to indicate the status of typiflcation of all taxa. The vast majority of taxa from the Valdivian and Magellanian regions as well as the Falkland Islands were originally described by Hooker, Taylor, or Stephani. These individuals worked in a period prior to the establishment of the current type method, and the terms holotype and isotype should not be applied to the origi- 51 52 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 nal material on which their taxa were based. I have proposed a lectotype only after I have examined a sufficient number of speci- mens of the original material to state that a single specimen best represents the describing author's concept of the species. Other- wise, the expression "original material" is used. I have accredited lectotypiflcation to an author if a lectotype is implied by the cita- tion, i.e., in several instances the term type is followed by citation of an isotype. With regard to lectotypiflcation, I have used the term cf. to refer to an implicit statement made by an author and the term fide is used in reference to an explicit statement made by an author. If the author used the term type and no clear identification of a particular collection is furnished, I have used the expression original material. If an author has merely said type when describ- ing a species after 1952, l I have used the term holotype if the location and identity of the type is clearly given. If many localities are listed in the original protologue, as often is the case with species described by Stephani, there is an obvious requirement for lectotypiflcation. In instances where only a single locality is given, there is still no assurance that a single collection or element is involved. Since several collections or elements may be involved, either in one herbarium or distributed in two or more herbaria, I have referred to the specimen(s) as "original material." This is especially pertinent with collections of Skottsberg (and/or Halle), Dusen, and Hooker, since I have frequently found more definitive and better representative specimens in a herbarium other than that of the describing author, and I have preferred to designate these as the lectotypes. e. Herbarium Citations Herbarium citations follow the abbreviations in Lanjouw and Stafleu (1964). 3. Ecology I have provided ecological notes for species I have collected in the Brunswick Peninsula, if I have collected a sufficient number of specimens so that a meaningful statement regarding the ecology of a taxon can be made. However, in several instances I have dis- cussed the ecology of rare taxa. 'The terms holotype, lectotype, syntype, and neotype, etc., were adopted at the Seventh International Botanical Congress in Stockholm, 1950 (see Troupin, 1949; Lanjouw, 1950) and were used in the International Code for the first time in 1952 (see Lanjouw, 1952). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 53 4. Distribution The distribution of each species has been summarized, and the terminology and concepts used have been defined in the phytogeog- raphy section (see p. 16). The expression Patagonian Channels, however, has not been defined elsewhere, and I have used it to indicate the highly dissected portion of western Chile south of Puerto Montt to and including the Brunswick Peninsula (i.e., lati- tudes 4128' S. to 5330' S.). It includes the western portion of the mainland, and the channels near Puerto Natales, S. Skyring, S. Otway, etc. 5. Literature Records I have listed the Brunswick Peninsula literature records for spe- cies which have been recorded for this peninsula. However, refer- ences in which Brunswick Peninsula taxa were originally de- scribed are given only in the taxonomic citations and are not repeated in the literature record section. Records from "Fretum Magellanicum" or "Strait of Magellan" are included only if they are based upon a known Brunswick Peninsula locality or indefinite as to specific locality, wherein I cannot establish, after a literature search, more precise collection data. In establishing Brunswick Peninsula literature records, I have attempted to edit the collector and locality information extracted from the various literature sources. For example, I have not included records of collectors re- ported to have gathered a species in the Brunswick Peninsula, when in actuality they did not. This exclusion was ascertained after a search of the basis of a particular report, and is particularly pertinent to Stephani (especially in his Species Hepaticarum}, who frequently used the terminology "Fretum Magellanicum" to em- brace localities in the Patagonian Channel region and/or Tierra del Fuego. Also excluded are records based upon individuals who did not actually visit the peninsula (see p. 38). The localities are cited in the manner provided in the following gazetteers: Chile (U.S. Office of Geography: Chile . . . 1967) and Argentina (American Geographical Society of New York . . . Ar- gentina . . . 1944). Abbreviations of localities follow the American Geographical Society indices to maps of Hispanic America (see American Geographical Society of New York . . . Argentina . . . 1944) and are as follows: Arch. Archipelago B. Bahia A. Arroyo Br. Brazo 54 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Cta. Caleta Pen. Peninsula C. Cerro Pta. Punta Cord. Cordillera Port. Portezuelo Ens. Ensenada Pto. Puerto Esto. Estuario Q. Quebrada F. Fiordo Ran. Rancho I. Isla R. Rio L. Lago S. Seno La. Laguna Sa. Serra, Sierra M. Monte Vo. Ventisquero Mt. Mount, Mountain V. Volcan I have not specifically indicated new records for Brunswick Pen- insula Hepaticae. New reports are recognizable by the absence of accompanying literature records. 6. Specimens Seen The Brunswick Peninsula specimens I have personally collected are indicated by number only, without citation of collector. A com- plete set of my collections has been deposited in the Cryptogamic Herbarium, Michigan State University (MSC). All other specimens are cited with the collector's name provided. B. Key to the Classes and Orders of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae 1 1. Gametophytic cells (at least superficial cells) each normally with 1 (-2-several) chloroplasts; cells lacking oil bodies; gametophyte prostrate, thalloid, never with leaves, never with air chambers, with stomata on ventral surface; sporo- phyte linear, 2 valved, with a columella; archegonia embedded and antheridia endogenous Class Anthocerotae, Order Anthocerotales 1. Gametophytic chlorophyllose cells with numerous chloroplasts; chlorophyllose cells usually all (or many) with oil bodies; gametophyte thalloid or leafy, with- out stomata; sporophyte a non-linear capsule, usually 4 valved, without a colu- mella, without stomata; sex organs exogenous, not embedded Class Hepaticae 2 2. Rhizoids typically dimorphic, some tuberculate, others smooth; plants clearly thalloid, without leaflike lobes, the thallus firm, fleshy, opaque, with ventral scales, with air chambers or air canals opening dorsally by pores; cells typi- cally dimorphic, a small minority of generally smaller cells each with a single, large oil body, but no chloroplasts, the large majority of cells with chloroplasts only; capsule wall always unistratose; seta short, not extruding the sporophyte to any extent. Archegonia on specialized thallus branches (archegoniophores) Order Marchantiales 2. Rhizoids, if present, all smooth, isolated thickenings excepted; plants leafy or thalloid, if thalloid delicate and translucent, without air chambers or !Key adapted from Schuster (1963c). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 55 pores; cells not sharply dimorphic, oil bodies usually present in all chloro- phyllose cells of gametophyte; capsule wall 2-10 stratose; seta usually long and extruding the sporophyte 3 3. Plants clearly and uniformly leafy; archegonia usually terminal on shoots resulting in a cessation of plant growth; capsule wall 2-10 stratose Order Jungermanniales 3. Plants usually thalloid (leafy in Noteroclada); archegonia and antheridia scattered on dorsal thallus surface (occasionally on short thallus branches), or in dorsal groups, not causing cessation in growth of plant; capsule wall 2-5 stratose Order Metzgeriales C. Order Jungermanniales: Key to the Genera of the Brunswick Peninsula 1 1. Leaves of main stems with insertion and orientation distinctly incubous, at least at dorsal end of insertion; ventral portions sometimes modified to form a lobule or water-sac; rhizoids always restricted in origin, never scattered on stem, often lacking or rare 2 1. Leaves of main stems varying from transversly to succubously inserted and oriented to almost longitudinally (horizontally) oriented; ventral margin of leaf never bearing, or transformed into, a lobule or sac; rhizoids often copious, often scattered on ventral face of stem 25 2. Leaves divided into a larger dorsal lobe and a solitary, smaller ventral lobe which is usually saclike or pouchlike; branching exclusively lateral, the branches terminal or infra-axillary, neither vegetative nor sexual branches ever ventral or axillary; underleaves 0-2 lobed or absent 3 2. Leaves various, but never with ventral base or lobe modified to form a flap or inflated sac; branching various; underleaves always very large, varying from 2-4 lobed 15 3. Underleaves lacking 4 3. Underleaves present, conspicuous 5 4. Leaves with a wide J- or U-shaped insertion; rhizoids (where present) in fascicles from lobuli; stem of many (10 or more) cell rows, ventral merophytes 3-5 or more cells broad; leaves with lamina cells without conical projections; perianth mouth wide, truncate Radula (p. 230) 4. Leaves with a narrow transverse insertion; rhizoids in fascicles from stem; stem of only 5 cell rows, ventral merophytes l(-2) cells broad; leaves with lamina cells with conical projections (in Brunswick species); perianth beaked Aphanolejeunea (p. 243) 5. Underleaves unlobed and edentate 6 5. Underleaves bilobed or at least emarginate 8 6. Lobule broadly united with ventral margin of lobe, and lying normally paral- lel with it; plants deep green to pale brown, not developing reddish pigments Archilejeunea (p. 244) 6. Lobule nearly free from lobe, lying essentially at right angles to it; plants commonly developing reddish pigments 7 'Adapted, with considerable modification, from Schuster (1963c) with portions from Schuster (1965b, 1966c). 56 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 7. Lobuli, at least in large part, galeate; plants with a large perigynium Gackstroemia (p. 78) 7. Lobuli not saccate or galeate; plants with perianths, perigynium absent Porella (p. 233) 8. Lobuli, at least those of branches, galeate, nearly free from the dorsal lobe; plants often with reddish, brownish, or dark green coloration 9 8. Lobuli not saccate or galeate, united for most of their length with dorsal lobe along an elongated keel (the water-sac formed partly by lobule, partly by the opposed portion of the lobe); plants green to yellow green. Plants often small and delicate; perianth usually pentagonal, with beak 11 9. Underleaves not becoming galeate; plants with perianths, but without a peri- gynium. Leaf margins entire Frullania (p. 234) 9. Underleaves, at least of the ultimate branches, becoming galeate; plants with a large perigynium 10 10. Underleaves of main axis bifid, emarginate or entire; main axis commonly black brown; stems without paraphyllia Gackstroemia (p. 78) 10. Underleaves of main axis quadrifid; main axis green to red; stems with paraphyllia (in American species) Lepidolaena (p. 82) 11. Plants with segmentation pendulumlike, i.e., with 1 underleaf per lateral leaf. Leaves highly specialized with conversion of the lobule and lobe (or portion of it) to a complex water-sac, the lobule closed by a specialized movable valve; plants with leaves erect, oriented away from the substratum . . . Colura (p. 247) 11. Plants with segmentation helical, i.e., with 1 underleaf per pair of lateral leaves 12 12. Leaves sharply constricted at base, with a strongly abbreviated, transverse attachment to the stem. Lobes narrow, obovate, elongated; lobule with a very narrow insertion formed by 1-2 cells, obovate, tridentate distally along free margin; Underleaves narrow, with filiform lobes which are uniseriate for most of their length Austrolejeunea (p. 245) 12. Leaves with a wide, distinctly J- or U-shaped insertion, the dorsal lobe dis- tinctly incubously inserted 13 13. Hyaline papilla of lobule distal to apical tooth. Leaves convex, often strongly so; lobuli always inflated; plants firm, often dull and opaque Cheilolejeunea (p. 246) 13. Hyaline papilla of lobule proximal to apical tooth 14 14. Lobe apices acute to acuminate, narrowly ovate to lanceolate to elliptical, 1.5x3x as long as wide. Leaves without ocelli; Underleaves obdeltoid, with divergent blunt to rounded lobes Harpalejeunea (p. 248) 14. Lobe apices blunt to rounded, usually less than 1.5 x as long as wide. Leaves with or without ocelli; plants delicate, usually with leaves flat or weakly convex; leaf trigones absent or small Lejeunea (p. 251) 15. Plants only with lateral, terminal branching; without ventral branches and never with ventral flagella or stolons; leaves divided for 0.6 or more their length; leaf and underleaf margins and segments often ciliate or laciniate. Leaves nearly transversely inserted; cells rigid, with large coarse, sometimes confluent trigones; plants without perianths but with a fleshy coelocaule densely covered with scales and paraphyllia; plants with subfloral innovations Lepicolea (p. 75) ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 57 15. Plants with branching not exclusively lateral and terminal; sometimes vegeta- tive and/or sexual branches partly or wholly ventral in origin and abbreviated; plants often with ventral stolons or flagella (at least from older parts of plant); leaves rarely very deeply lobed, never with longly ciliate margins 16 16. Plants frequently isophyllous (both on main stems and branches), the under- leaves similar in size, and usually in form, to lateral leaves; branches usually few and irregular, subfloral innovations excepted, all or in large part ventral and axillary; slender flagella usually lacking; sexual branches never abbrevi- ated and ventral. Lateral leaves 2-4-fid; leaf insertion often only weakly incubous, the orientation subtransverse 17 16. Plants normally somewhat to strongly anisophyllous, the underleaves differ- ing in size (and usually in form) from lateral leaves, at least on the branches; underleaves often (if lobed) with fewer lobes, or lobes of different form than those of lateral leaves, or else more shallowly lobed; branches (usually) in large part lateral, usually terminal, the plants often regularly 1-2 pinnately branched; stolons, flagella or rhizomes bearing vestigial leaves usually pres- ent; sexual branches nearly always short, ventral 19 17. Leaves distinctly vittate, a "vein" of longer cells running into each lobe; leaves deeply (0.50-0.75) bifid; cells with coarse trigones. Leaf lobes slender, often falcate Herberta (p. 64) 17. Leaves non-vittate, the lobe cells not conspicuously elongated; leaves 0.2-0.5 bifid-trifid; cells with trigones absent to small 18 18. Leaves and underleaves with teeth, when present, mostly in basal portion, scarce above; male bracteoles with antheridia; perianth distinct, without a coelocaule; plants usually without conspicuous pigmentation, at most pale brown Triandrophyllum (p. 65) 18. Leaves and underleaves with teeth, when present, often in apical portion, not predominently in basal portion; male bracteoles without antheridia; coelo- caule present, firm, fleshy, with vestigial perianth at its tip; plants usually with reddish and/or chestnut brown to fuscous pigmentation Isotachis (p. 71) 19. Leaves deeply (2-)4-6 lobed for usually one-half or more the leaf length; plants regularly pinnately branched, ventral branches all intercalary 20 19. Leaves with apices edentate or 2-3 dentate-lobate, lobed for less than one-half leaf length 22 20. Lateral branches irregular, plastic, i.e., ofFrullania-, Microlepidozia- (and in K. mollis Acromastigum-) type; intercalary branching both ventral and lat- eral. Underleaves frequently with 1 segment shorter than others Kurzia (p. 88) 20. Lateral branches all ofFrullania type 21 21. Leaves with lamina one-half-4 cells high; leaf lobes uniseriate throughout, filiform and terete, at most 2 cells wide in basal cell tier; stem with a conspicu- ous hyaloderm layer, formed of large cells with walls little or not thickened contrasted to the smaller medullary cells often with thick walls; leaves usually symmetrical Telaranea (p. 103) 21. Leaves with a lamina many cells high; leaf lobes triangular, never filiform; stem without a hyaloderm layer (cortical cells thick walled, not conspicu- ously larger than medullary cells); leaves usually conspicuously asymmetric (dorsal margin longer and/or arched Lepidozia (p. 94) 58 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 22. Leaves entire or finely bidentate at apex; plants with marsupia Calypogeia (p. 110) 22. Leaves 2-4 dentate-lobate; plants with a perianth, without marsupia 23 23. Leaves of main axis 4 dentate-lobate. Lamina cells in longitudinal rows Telaranea (p. 103) 23. Leaves (0-)2-3 dentate-lobate 24 24. Stolons terminal in origin, replacing one-half of an underleaf; stem with a hyaloderm, at least the branches with only 7 rows of cortical cells; leaf apices 0-2 dentate-lobate Acromastigum (p. 83) 24. Stolons intercalary in origin, from axils of underleaves; stem without a hy- aloderm, the cortical cells in many rows; leaf apices typically 2-3 dentate Bazzania (p. 84) 25. Stem with underleaves conspicuous throughout (not merely with a minute un- derleaf here and there), even on sterile stems 26 25. Stem with underleaves either lacking on sterile stems, or minute, or mere small, scattered cilia or laciniae, or groups of slime papillae, never conspicuous. Rhizoids almost always scattered over ventral stem surface if present at all . 52 26. Leaves sharply complicate bilobed, with a smaller (rarely subequal) dorsal lobe lying over a larger ventral lobe 27 26. Leaves not complicate bilobed if lobed at all, the lobes lying in nearly the same plane, or leaf merely concave or naviculariform, never folded 28 27. Apex of dorsal lobe oriented towards apex of ventral lobe; keel between lobes usually with a broad wing; leaf lobes undivided, never bifid; cells of leaf lobes irregularly arranged, not in tiers; sporophyte in a terminal coelocaule lying in the axis of the stem Schistochila (p. 138) 27. Apex of dorsal lobe at angle to axis of ventral lobe, the lobes divergent; keel between lobes wingless; leaf lobes bifid; cells of leaf lobe oriented in distinct tiers; sporophyte in a marsupium Balantiopsis (p. 134) 28. Mature leaves (2-)4-6(-9) lobed, often very deeply so, the lobes usually ending in cilia or acuminate; often the lobe margins with cilia or teeth; stem without a distinct, pellucid hyaloderm. Underleaves very large, ca. 0.5-0.9 the area of leaves, similarly lobed and/or ciliate; rhizoids usually sharply restricted to underleaf bases 29 28. Mature leaves undivided to 2 lobed (occasionally with accessory small lobes or teeth); if leaves lobed, the lobe margins entire or dentate, but not with long cilia; stem sometimes with a hyaloderm 35 29. Leaves appearing as a mass of interwoven cilia such that the lamina is ob- scured; plants green, without brown pigmentation. Plants with a fleshy coelo- caule Trichocolea (p. 77) 29. Leaves without interwoven cilia and/or segments (or if so, e.g., in Temnoma pilosum, then plants with brown pigmentation), with at least part of lamina conspicuous. Plants with perianths, a coelocaule present only in Lepicolea . . 30 30. Leaf lobes uniseriate throughout, filiform and terete, at most 2 cells wide in basal cell tier; stem with a conspicuous hyaloderm. Leaves with lamina of one-half-4 cells high, disk margins entire Telaranea (p. 103) 30. Leaf lobes gradually tapering, 2 or more cells wide for most of their length (or if uniseriate throughout, then with brown pigments and a ciliate disk); stem without a hyaloderm 31 ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 59 31. Leaves bisbifid (rarely bi- or trifid) 32 31. Leaves of mature shoots equally quadrifid 33 32. Leaf cells with large, coarse, sometimes confluent trigones; leaf and underleaf margins and segments often ciliate or laciniate; plants with a fleshy coelo- caule, without perianths; plants with subfloral innovations Lepicolea (p. 75) 32. Leaf cells without trigones; leaf and underleaf margins and segments entire; plants with perianths, without a coelocaule; plants without, at least fertile, subfloral innovations Pseudolepicolea (p. 68) 33. Lateral branches irregular, plastic, i.e., Frullania-, Microlepidozia- (and in K. mollis, Acromastigum-) type; intercalary branching both ventral and lateral; underleaves frequently with 1 segment shorter than others Kurzia (p. 88) 33. Lateral branches predominately of Frullania -type, only very rarely of Microlepidozia- or Acromastigum-type; underleaves not regularly possessing one segment shorter than others 34 34. Lobes of mature leaves (usually of vegetative shoot sectors, at least in and below gynoecia) with opposed, sharp teeth or cilia, usually of both disk mar- gins and of lobes, rarely of one only; perichaetial bracts freely spinose-dentate to copiously ciliate; perianth wide at open mouth Temnoma (p. 69) 34. Lobes of mature leaves quadrifid, without cilia or teeth (or, rarely with an isolated tooth on one or both margins of the disk); perichaetial bracts 4-fid, without trace of teeth or cilia; perianth closely contracted to the narrow mouth. Leaves with segment apices setaceous; plants distinctly anisophyllous Archaeochaete (p. 67) 35. Plants isophyllose or nearly so; leaves deeply (0.5-0.75) bifid, distinctly vittate, a "vein" of longer cells running into each lobe. Cells with coarse trigones; leaf lobes slender, often falcate Herberta (p. 64) 35. Plants anisophyllose or if isophyllose, then with leaves and/or underleaves un- divided or variously lobed, but never deeply bifid; leaves nonvittate 36 36. Rhizoids usually frequent to common, scattered over ventral stem surface or nearly to ventral leaf bases; if rhizoids very rarely produced as in Pleurocla- dopsis, then leaves with extremely coarse trigones which are confluent or separated by narrow thin areas 37 36. Rhizoids always restricted in origin, only at underleaf (sometimes also at leaf) bases, often largely confined to reduced leaves and underleaves of sto- lons, flagella, or rhizomes, never scattered 42 37. Underleaves large, undivided or bifid, often ciliate; plants usually without sto- lons or flagella; vigorous plants, to 3-5 mm wide. Plants usually brownish 38 37. Underleaves small or minute, usually unlobed, eciliate; plants often with flag- ella or stolons; small plants (shoots to 0.7-2 mm wide) 40 38. Leaf cells with extremely coarse trigones which are confluent or separated by narrow thin places; leaves occasionally unlobed; plants with a coelocaule Pleurocladopsis (p. 138) 38. Leaf cells with trigones minute to large, but not confluent or separated by narrow thin places; leaves always lobed; plants with perianths 39 39. Bracts of innermost series very deeply lacerated, smaller than other bracts; perianth apex twisted; capsule wall 7 stratose; cuticle with high, coarse, hemi- spherical papillae Roivainenia (p. 122) 60 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 39. Bracts of innermost series not deeply lacerated, larger than other bracts; per- ianth apex not twisted; capsule wall (2-)3-5 stratose; cuticle smooth to minutely papillose (in Brunswick taxa) Lophozia (p. 120) 40. Leaves quite unequally bilobed, the dorsal lobe smaller; leaves succubously inserted throughout, large (leaf width much greater than stem width); peri- anth lacking, plants with marsupia. Cells with dense, conspicuous papillae Acrobolbus (p. 212) 40. Leaves subequally or equally bilobed; leaves with at least dorsal half trans- versely inserted (occasionally dorsal half subsuccubous in non-Brunswick Cephalolobus taxa), small (leaf width little broader than stem width), distant; perianth present. Plants with Cephaloziella-like fades 41 41. Branching exclusively lateral intercalary; leaf cuticle with conspicuous, very coarse, hemispherical, hyaline papillae Cephalolobus (p. 119) 41. Branching usually ventral intercalary, occasionally of Frullania-type; leaf cuti- cle (at least in C. dusenii and C. magellanica) smooth to at most with low, rounded papillae Cephaloziella (p. 222) 42. Stem very soft, pellucid, with a cortex of large hyaline cells (hyaloderm) surrounding a small-celled medulla (which is usually visible through the cortex by transmitted light), or if cortical cells smaller or slightly smaller than medullary, then with leaves polystratose, especially toward the base. Cells not collenchymatous; branching mostly intercalary, both lateral and ventral (terminal branching present, but rarely, only inPseudocephalozia) 43 42. Stem without a transparent, colorless hyaloderm, the cortical cells never conspicuously larger than medullary cells, the medullary cells not visible through the cortex. Cells various, often with distinct trigones. Perianth, if developed, usually on a elongated stem or branch, or on short lateral (rarely on short ventral) branches 46 43. Leaves 2 or 3-4(5-6) lobed 44 43. Leaves undivided. Leaves hemispherical and cucullate or spoon shaped Hygrolembidium (p. 87) 44. Leaves cephalozioid (leaves at least feebly dorsally inclined), transverse to distinctly succubously inserted, transverse to basically succubously oriented. Branching mostly intercalary, both lateral and ventral, Frullania-type branches rare or sporadic Pseudocephalozia (p. 102) 44. Leaves lepidozioid (leaf lobes turned ventrally), transversely to feebly incu- bously inserted, basically incubously or transversely oriented. Branching predominantly or nearly exclusively lateral- and ventral-intercalary with rare or sporadic Frullania- and Microlepidozia-type branching; hyaloderm of 6(-8) cells; leaves bifid to one-half to two-thirds; perianth elongate cylindrical, 3-4 plicate distally, mouth crenulated by elongated cells Hyalolepidozia (p. 87) 45. Plants producing marsupia, perianths absent; gynoecia (and androecia) always on abbreviated ventral branches. Leaves ovate, undivided or bidentate (occa- sionally short bifid in S. vasculosum), cuticle very densely papillose; under- leaves one-half to three-fourths bifid (in Brunswick species), free from and much smaller than leaves; plants dull, opaque, gray or light-green plants devel- oping (often) some brownish pigmentation Saccogynidium (p. 200) ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 61 45. Plants producing perianths, perigynia lacking; gynoecia on apices of unmodi- fied stems or short lateral branches, rarely on short ventral branches 46 46. Perianth 1 strongly laterally compressed, mouth truncate, wide, 2-lipped. Plants often brownish, often intensely so 47 46. Perianth trigonous to trigonous inflated 48 47. Andrewsianthus-type branching present; leaves medially to basally polystra- tose; flagelliform branches present; stem tissue with endophytic hyphae Evansianthus (p. 173) 47. Andrewsianthus-type branching absent; leaves unistratose throughout; flagelli- form branches absent; stem tissue without endophytic hyphae Leptoscyphus (p. 174) 48. Perianth inflated, restricted to strongly abbreviated lateral-intercalary branches; leaves unlobed or to 3 spinose-dentate Chiloscyphus (p. 151) 48. Perianth normally on more or less long branches (at least in large part; branches rarely abbreviated, and never consistently so); leaves undivided or bifid 49 49. Leaves moderately to deeply adaxially concave (at least slightly concave in C. vermicularis). Leaves frequently suborbicular to reniform in shape 50 49. Leaves convex and with apices decurved or deflexed 51 50. Stolons present; plants erect; leaves vertically oriented, subtransverse; leaf cells dimorphic, with the majority possessing oil-bodies, but with 10-20 per- cent of the cells lacking them Stolonophora (p. 200) 50. Stolons absent; plants prostrate or essentially so; leaves succubously ori- ented; leaf cells not dimorphic, all possessing oil-bodies Clasmatocolea (p. 158) 51. Leaves with lobes and marginal teeth caducous, often giving leaf apices a ragged appearance; leaf apices often with accessory teeth and laciniae Leptophyllopsis (p. 173) 51. Leaves entire or if lobed, then with lobes persistent; leaves with marginal teeth, if present, persistent; leaf apices never with a ragged appearance and not with accessory laciniae Lophocolea (p. 185) 52. Leaves sharply complicate-bilobed, transversely to succubously inserted and oriented. Leaf margins (and/or apices) often denticulate to ciliate . . 53 52. Leaves lobed or not, but if lobed, never with lobes sharply bent over each other. Perianth (if present), not sharply dorsiventrally compressed 56 53. Leaf lobes short bifid Blepharidophyllum (p. 129) 53. Leaf lobes undivided, never bifid 54 54. Leaves unequally complicate bilobed, the dorsal lobe much smaller than the ventral Diplophyllum (p. 133) 54. Leaves equally complicate-bilobed or nearly so 55 55. Leaf cells with large knotlike trigones; distal portion of keel often narrowly x lf sterile plants with non-adaxially concave leaves are at hand, see key to sterile plants of the Leptoscyphus-Chiloscyphus-Lophocolea-Leptophyllopsis complex on p. 148. If sterile plants with distinct adaxially concave leaves are at hand, but lacking Andrewsianthus-type branching, see genus Clasmatocolea. If with adaxially concave leaves and Andrewsianthus -type branching, see genus Evansianthus. 62 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 winged (in P. spegazziniana, but winged throughout in remainder of taxa) Paraschistochila (p. 137) 55. Leaf cells without trigones; keel never winged. Dorsal lobe dorsally recurved; rhizoids scattered, never in bundles. Plants paroecious Krunodiplophyllum (p. 133) 56. Stem soft textured, consisting of a conspicuous, hyaline cortex of enlarged cells (surrounding a medulla of much smaller, thick-walled cells usually distinct by transmitted light, or medullary cells also soft but large). Leaves bilobed; cells thin walled, hyaline 57 56. Stem anatomy highly various, but never with a hyaline cortex of large cells surrounding a medulla of smaller, thick-walled cells 58 57. Leaf insertion transverse at least dorsally, extended to stem midline; pigmenta- tion, when present, purplish or brownish; leaves canaliculate, piano-disti- chous; branching plastic, always with free Frullania-type branches, plus lateral-intercalary and ventral-intercalary branches; gynoecia terminal on leading axes Metahygrobiella (p. 220) 57. Leaf insertion oblique throughout, the dorsal end oblique to almost longitudi- nal; pigmentation never purplish, usually absent; leaves never piano-disti- chous, flat to concave but not canaliculate; branching from axils of lateral leaves absent; gynoecia normally on short, ventral branches which occasionally are elongated Cephalozia (p. 218) 58. Leaves inserted transversely (at least in part of the dorsal half of the insertion) and transversely oriented; leaves generally appearing pectinate when not densely appressed-imbricate 59 58. Leaves obliquely inserted and succubously oriented, at least half of the insertion quite oblique on stem to nearly horizontal 65 59. Leaves unlobed or to one-fifth bifid, margins often with 1- several rows of hyaline cells forming a border Herzogobryum (p. 128) 59. Leaves usually bilobed 0.35-0.50 their length, or if undivided (as in some taxa of Adelanthus) then with branching nearly exclusively ventral intercalary and with sex organs restricted to short, abbreviated ventral-intercalary branches from older basal portions of plants 60 60. Plants minute or small, wiry; the leaves remote, bilobed for 0.5 or more their length 61 60. Plants large; the leaves undivided or bilobed to ca. 0.35-0.45(-0.50) their length 62 61. Leaf lobes plane; leaves bifid to nearly 0.75 their length . . Cephaloziella (p. 222) 61. Leaf lobes sulcate; leaves bifid to nearly the base Allisoniella (p. 221) S2. Sex organs terminal on short, abbreviated ventral-intercalary branches from older basal portions of plants. Branching nearly exclusively ventral inter- calary; leaves undivided, bidentate, bilobed or with 2 awns Adelanthus (p. 225) 62. Sex organs on unreduced axes: gynoecia terminal on main stems or lateral branches; androecia terminal but later becoming intercalary. Leaves consis- tently bifid 63 63. Leaf cuticle with conspicuous, very coarse hyaline papillae. Branching strictly lateral intercalary Cephalolobus (p. 1 19) 63. Leaf cuticle smooth, striolate, or weakly papillose, rarely coarsely papillose . 64 ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 63 64. Branching strictly intercalary, arising from near the dorsal base of the leaf, occasionally appearing to arise from dorsal side of axis; branches and main axis frequently becoming flagelliform and positively geotropic Andrewsianthus (p. 118) 64. Branching variable, Frullania-type present in some taxa, ventral- or lateral- intercalary branches usually present, if the latter, then never arising from near the dorsal base of leaf or dorsal side of axis; stems and branches never or very exceptionally becoming flagelliform, not becoming positively geotropic. Cells with coarse, conspicuous trigones and thin to sinuous intervening walls; leaves strongly dorsally secund, the dorsal end of the line of insertion arcuate and decurrent along dorsal midline of stem Anastrophyllum (p. 112) 65. Plants with perianths terminal on leafy, main or lateral stems; androecia inter- calary or terminal on leading stems 66 65. Plants without perianths, with pendent perigynia or with an erect, fleshy, rigid shoot-calyptra, or if perianths present, then restricted to short abbreviated ventral-intercalary branches. Leaves various, often entire or irregularly den- tate 68 66. Branching uniformly arising from the dorsal end of the leaf axil, all interca- lary. Flagella common, wiry, positively geotropic; leaves bilobed; leaf cells with large trigones Andrewsianthus (p. 118) 66. Branching various, if intercalary, then arising from the ventral portion of the leaf axil, near the ventral portion of leaf base, or ventrally 69 67. Underleaves regularly produced, small, linear, inconspicuous, bifid, with seta- ceous segments. Leaves adaxially concave; plants erect Stolonophora abnormis (p. 200) 67. Underleaves, if present, not with the above combination of characters, often of 1-several short ciliary segments which end in slime papillae 68 68. Perianth laterally sharply compressed, wide and truncate at mouth. Vegeta- tive branches lateral intercalary and/or terminal and ofFrullania type, never ventral intercalary Plagiochila (p. 201) 68. Perianths terete below, pluriplicate and contracted to the mouth 69 69. Leaves unlobed, usually rounded at apex 70 69. Leaves consistently 2-4 lobed. Underleaves laciniate to ciliate, reduced or ab- sent 71 70. Terminal branching completely absent; flagellae regularly produced. Brac- teoles nearly as long as bracts; perianth mouth entire to weakly crenulate; plants usually brown to red brown Cryptochila (p. 124) 70. Terminal branching present, if only isolated; flagellae only rarely and spo- radically produced, mostly absent Jamesoniella (p. 125) 71. Leaves 2-4 lobed, often deeply so; ventral leaf margin plane . Lophozia (p. 120) 71. Leaves very short bifid; ventral leaf margin frequently inflexed or reflexed . 72 72. Dorsal and ventral leaf margins incurved to involuted, especially near the apex Anastrophyllum involutifolium (p. 114) 72. Dorsal margin slightly recurved or plane or slightly incurved, never consis- tently incurved or involuted. Ventral margin frequently slightly to strongly reflexed, never incurved Anastrepta (p. Ill) 73. Plants without a marsupium, the erect calyptra becoming thick, green, mas- sive, enclosing the developing sporophyte; leaves undivided, bidentate, bilobate 64 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 or with 2 awns; plants erect, frequently red-brown pigmented Adelanthus (p. 225) 73. Plants with a marsupium; leaves undivided or bilobed, plants erect or de- pressed, not developing secondary pigments 74 74. Leaves unlobed, leaf margins entire; marsupium slenderly cylindrical, deeply penetrating substratum. Plants closely prostrate Lethocolea (p. 213) 74. Leaves bilobed (or if undivided, then with leaf margins dentate to lobate), leaf margins entire-dentate-lobate; marsupium conoidal to wide cylindrical in shape, not deeply penetrating substratum 75 75. Leafy shoots ascending, not adhering to substratum by rhizoids; (?) antheri- dia 2-3 to 10-13(-15) per bract. Gynoecia and androecia variable in position, acrotonic or basitonic; plants a clear, translucent to opaque green, often whitish when dead; capsule tips acute Tylimanthus (p. 214) 75. Leafy shoots creeping, often entire axis including shoot tips adhering to the substratum by rhizoids; antheridia solitary. Leaves bilobed, often asymmetri- cally so; cuticle coarsely papillose; capsule tips acute Acrobolbus (p. 212) Family HERBERTACEAE K. Mull. (Freib.)ex Fulf. & Hatch. Bryologist 61: 284. 1959. HERBERTA S. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 1: 678, 705. 1821 (Herbertus, non Her- bertus p. 684) corr. Lindb. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 10: 516. 1875 (nom. cons.). Herberta runcinata (Tayl.) Kuntze Sendtnera runcinata Tayl. Lond. J. Bot. 5: 372. 1846. Herbertia runcinata (Tayl.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 397. 1877. Schisma runcinata (Trev.) Steph. Spec. Hep. 4: 21. 1909. Herbertia runcinata (Tayl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 836. 1891. Original material: Chile, Prov. Chiloe, I. Chiloe, Cuming 1447 (FH!, NY!). Schisma reicheanum Steph. Spec. Hep. 4: 20. 1909, syn. fide Ful- ford (1963b). Original material: Chile, Prov. Chiloe/Aisen, R. Palena, Reiche (G)-cited in Fulford (1963b). Schisma ferrugineum Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 72. f. 28 a. 1911, syn. fide Fulford (1963b). Original material: Chile, Prov. Aisen, Cta. Hale, Halle and/or Skottsberg (non uidi); Prov. Magallanes, Cta. Rayo, I. Atalaya and S. Skyring, B. Rod- riguez, Halle and/or Skottsberg (non uidi). Ecology. Only in the evergreen forest "bryophyte rich fades" ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 65 where it commonly occurred on the sides of bryophyte mounds. The plants often become very robust here. Phytogeography . Tierra del Fuego, Patagonian Channels, Val- divian region north to 3936' S. and Juan Fernandez (1,350-1,370 m. on Mas Afuera). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, February 1861, Megere (F); I. Isabel, February 1861, Megere as Jungermannia schismoides (F). PUERTO GAL- LANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6063 A). PUERTO CUT- TER REGION: N. of copper mine (2197, 2208 B & 2215 B); W. of copper mine (2228). TRIANDROPHYLLUM Fulf. & Hatch. Bryologist 64: 349. 1962. Fulf. & Hatch. Bryologist 61: 277. 1959, nom. illeg. sin. gen. typ. 1 Grolle, Bryologist 64: 25. 1961, nom. nud. Triandrophyllum subtrifidum (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Fulf. & Hatch. Phytogeography The species is Amphipacific temperate; it oc- curs in New Zealand and Tasmania and in the American zone in southern South America and north in the Andes to Guatemala. T. subtrifidum var. trifidum is Andean American in distribution. A single variety of the species occurs in the Brunswick Penin- sula. Triandrophyllum subtrifidum (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Fulf. & Hatch, var. trifidum (Gott.) Solari ?Sendtnera trifida Gott. Annls Sci. Nat. V. 1: 142. 1864. Isotachis trifida (Gott.) Steph. Spec. Hep. 3: 670. 1909 non I. trifida Steph. Sp. Hep. 6: 356. 1922 (=/. sprucei Beauv. in Steph. Spec. Hep. 6: 572. 1924). Mastigophora trifida (Gott.) Steph. Spec. Hep. 4: 37. 1909. Triandrophyllum trifidum (Gott.) Fulf. & Hatch. Bryolo- gist 64: 348. 1962. Triandrophyllum subtrifidum (Hook. f. & l Triandrophyllum was invalidly published in Fulford & Hatcher (1959), as no nomenclatural type was designated (see Article 37 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (1966) and Schuster (1963a, p. 42)). Triandrophyllum was validated by Fulford and Hatcher (1962), but in the interim period, Triandrophyl- lum fernandeziensis (S. Arnell) Grolle was published (see Grolle, Bryologist 64 (1): 25. 1961a). This transfer is invalid as it was made prior to proper typification of the genus. The effective transfer of the species is as follows: Triandrophyllum fernande- ziensis (S. Arnell) Grolle ex Fulf. & Hatch. Bryologist 64 (4): 351. 1962. 66 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Tayl.) Fulf. & Hatch, var. trifidum (Gott.) Solari, Boln Soc. Ar- gent. Bot. 15: 201. 1973. Original material: Colombia, Fusagasu- ga, Lindig 1722 (G)-cited in Fulford & Hatcher (1962) and Solari (1973). Herberta dura Steph. Hedwigia 34: 44. 1895, syn. fide Fulford & Hatcher (1962). Schisma dura (Steph.) Steph. Spec. Hep. 4: 21. 1909. Triandrophyllum durum (Steph.) Fulf. & Hatch. Bryolo- gist 61: 279. 1959. Original material: "Fretum magellanicum. leg. Hooker fil. Herb Kew, sub nomine Jung, tenacifolia" (K)- cited in Fulford (1963b). Mastigophora antarctica Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 6): 56. 1900, syn. fide Fulford & Hatcher (1962). Triandrophyllum antarcticum (Steph.) Fulf. & Hatch. Bryologist 61: 281. 1959. Original material: 1 Chile, Prov. Aisen, R. Aisen Valley, Dusen s.n. (S-PA!), 243 (S-PA!, UPS!); Prov. Llanquihue, Peulla, Dusen s.n. (S-PA!), 457 (S-PA!, UPS!). Isotachis appendiculata Steph. Spec. Hep. 3: 659. 1909, syn. cf. Fulford & Hatcher (1959). Original material: Patagonia, without specific locality, Dusen (G)-cited in Fulford (1963b). Lepicolea boliviensis Steph. in Herzog, Biblthca Bot. 87: 228. f. 171 a-c. 1916, syn. cf. Fulford & Hatcher (1959). Original material: Bolivia, above Tablas, 3,400 m., May 1911, Herzog 2853 (G-cited in Fulford, 1963b; S-PA! c. per.). Isotachis subtrifida (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mitt. var. De Gasperii Gola, Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. II. 29: 170. 1923, syn. nov. Holotype: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Valle delle Fate, 9 March 1913, Gasperi (11). Isotachis ripensis Spruce var. armata Herz. Revue Bryol. Lichen. 11: 24. 1939, syn. fide Grolle (1964b). Holotype: Costa Rica, V. de Turrialba, 2,000-2,400 m. 1924, Standley 35279 (JE)-cited in Grolle (1964b). Remarks. Stephani (1900) cites the following localities for his new species, Mastigophora antarctica: a) "in valle fluminis Aysen," and b) "ad Peulle." I have seen several syntypes (S-PA, UPS) from both these localities and all are Triandrophyllum subtrifidum var. trifidum, based upon the presence of one-to-several sharp, spinose teeth of the underleaves and basal portion of the ventral margins of the leaves, coupled with the preponderance of three-lobed leaves. 'Fulford & Hatcher (1959, p. 283) erroneously state the original material of M. antarctica was collected in South Georgia. ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 67 Mastigophora antarctica therefore rightfully belongs in the synon- ymy of T. subtrifidum var. trifidum rather than T. subtrifidum var. subtrifidum where Solari (1973) has placed it. Ecology. Occurring where abundant moisture available within the evergreen forests and evergreen-deciduous ecotonal areas. I found it on faces of exposed rock walls where there was some drain- age from above, on stream banks and on soil and rock of a moist, well-shaded cliff face. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Near Fuerte Bulnes, Hatcher 4-5, 6-3, 6-7 & 6-13 (UW-M). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6314); E. side of bay (6398 & 6399). PUERTO GALLANT RE- GION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6074). PUERTO CUTTER RE- GION: N. of copper mine (2190-c. per. &2193). Family PSEUDOLEPICOLEACEAE Fulf. & J. Tayl. Nova Hedwigia 1: 411. 1960. ARCHEOCHAETE Schust. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 26: 262. 1963. Archeochaete kuehnemannii Schust. Archeochaete kuehnemannii Schust. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 26: 262. 1963. Pseudolepicolea kuehnemannii (Schust.) Hassel, Comun. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. Bernardino Rivadavia 2: 48. 1974, nom. inval. basion. non cit. Holotype: Argentina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, ca. 16-17 km. W. of Ushuaia, on road to Lapataia, C. Bandera, February 1961, Schuster & Gamundi de Amos 58852 (hb. Schuster-raw vidi}. Remarks. See Schuster (1965a) and Hassel de Menendez (1974). Ecology-Phytogeography . Rare; found in a Sphagnum bog, a habitat similar to that of the type, which is from Tierra del Fuego. Also encountered on a rotted log in an evergreen Nothofagus for- est. The species is otherwise known from the Falkland Islands (leg. Engel) and several localities in Tierra del Fuego (cf. Hassel de Menendez, 1974). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. LAGUNO EL PARRIL- 68 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 LAR: Near E. shore of lake, ca. 365 m. (2110 &2114-C. 6). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6342 B). PSEUDOLEPICOLEA Fulf. & J. Tayl. Nova Hedwigia 1 (3-4): 412. 13 April 1960. Lopho- chaete Schust. Revue Bryol. Lichen. 26 (3-4): 126. 1957, nom. inval. sin. descr. lot. Schust. Bryologist 61: 25, 50. 1958, nom. inval. sin. descr. lat. Schust. Bryologist 62: 237. 1959, nom. inval. sin. descr. lat. Schust. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 23: 197. 18 April 1961. 1 Pseudolepicolea quadrilaciniata (Sull.) Fulf. & J. Tayl. Sendtnera quadrilaciniata Sull. Hooker's Bot. Kew Gdn. Misc. 2: 317. 1850. Leperoma (?) quadrilaciniata (Sull.) Mass. Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. I. 17: 253. 1885. Lepicolea quadrilaciniata (Sull.) Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 6): 56. 1900. Ble- pharostoma quadrilaciniata (Sull.) Schiffn. Hedwigia 51: 282. 1912. Pseudolepicolea quadrilaciniata (Sull.) Fulf. & J. Tayl. Nova Hedwigia 1: 413. 13 April 1960. Lophochaete quadrilaci- niata (Sull.) Schust. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 23: 199. 18 April 1961, nom. inval. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, B. Or- ange, U.S. Exploring Exped. (apparently lost). Neotype (fide Ful- ford 1963b): Chile, Prov. Aisen, R. Aisen Valley, Dusen (NY-norc vidi). Lepicolea georgica Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 73. f. 28 f, g. 1911, syn. fide Schuster (1966c). Pseudolepicolea georgica (Steph.) Fulf. & J. Tayl. Nova Hedwigia 1: 416. 1960. Original material: South Georgia, Skottsberg (G, S-PA). Blepharostoma pigafettoanum Gola, Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. II. 29: 169. pi. 1, f. 20-22. 1923, syn. nov. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, S. Agostini ( = S. Pigafetta), 8 February 1913, Gas- peri s.n. (FI!). Phytogeography. South Georgia, Tierra del Fuego, and Pata- gonian Channels north to 4525' S. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6080 B, 6083-c. 6 & 6086). l l should like to thank Drs. Poelt and Hattori for providing the precise dates of publication for the above indicated parts of Nova Hedwigia and J. Hattori Bot. Lab. respectively. ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 69 TEMNOMA Mitt, in Hook, f., Handb. N. Z. Flora Pt. 2. 753. 1867. Teinnoma Mitt. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 168 (extra vol.): 32, 33. 1879, err. ty- pogr. l (et Mitten, 1884). KEY TO THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA TAXA OF Temnoma 1. Leaves with numerous (50-85) long cilia; each leaf lobe with 4-7(8) pairs of cilia, the longest cilia of 6-8 superposed cells; plants isophyllous T. pilosum 1. Leaves without numerous long cilia; each leaf lobe of sterile stem entire or with 1-3(4) pairs of short, stiff teeth or cilia towards the base; plants anisophyllous, the underleaves ca. 0.5-0.75 x the size of lateral leaves T. quadripartitum ... 2 2. Disk margins near or at base commonly with an enlarged lobelike spine, the leaf then seemingly palmately 5-6 lobed; lobe margins entire or with isolated, usually small, abaxially displaced teeth near sinus bases; lobes 16-22(23-30) cells long var. randii 2. Disk margins rarely with accessory teeth so conspicuously lobelike that the leaf is seemingly 5-6 lobed; lobe margins usually freely spinose-dentate to- ward base; lobes usually 12-16(17) cells long var. quadripartitum Temnoma pilosum (Evans) Schust. Blepharostoma pilosum Evans, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 413. pi. 345, f. 1-6. 1898. Temnoma pilosum (Evans) Schust. Bryologist 62: 240. 1960. Lectotype (cf. Fulford, 1963b): Chile, Prov. Magal- lanes, Ens. Villarino, J. B. Hatcher (Y-raw vidi). Blepharostoma pinnatisetum Steph. Spec. Hep. 3: 639. 1909, syn. fide Fulford (1963b). Temnoma pinnatisetum (Steph.) Schust. Bryologist 62: 240. 1960. Original material: Chile, Prov. Aisen, R. Aisen Valley, Dusen 515 (G)-cited in Fulford (1963b). l l regard the use of the genus "Teinnoma" as a typographical error for several reasons. First, Mitten used the spelling Temnoma on herbarium specimens. Dr. G. L. Smith (I am grateful to Dr. G. L. Smith, associate curator of the New York Botanical Garden, for providing this information) states (in littj, "I have looked at Mitten's handwritten labels on his specimens of Temnoma, (in the New York Botan- ical Garden) and I can see how one might read "Teinnoma" if he didn't know the name. I'm inclined to think it's merely an error." Second, Temnoma is Greek de- rived from the word "Temno" meaning "cut off," and "Teinnoma" has no Greek derivation, being merely a nonsense word which Mitten would have had little cause to use. Further, Mitten stated in his original description for Temnoma: "From the truncate mouth of the perianth." Third, as Temnoma is a Mitten genus, there would have been little reason for this author to alter the spelling 12 years later. Fourth, in my opinion the fact that "Teinnoma" is twice mentioned in 1879 merely indicated the editor chose to use one spelling consistently. Finally, the paper by Mitten (1884) is merely a list of Kerguelen Hepaticae based upon his 1879 paper, thus the pres- ence of "Teinnoma" is a repetition of the earlier error and has little significance. 70 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Temnoma chilense Fulf. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gdn. 11: 56. f. 2 a-c. 1963, syn. fide Schuster (1967a). Holotype: Chile, Prov. Llanquihue, Puerto Varas, Hatcher & Fulford (hb. Fulford-non vidi). Phytogeography. Tierra del Fuego, southern Patagonian Chan- nels (Brunswick Peninsula), and the Valdivian region north to 4119' S. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO DEL HAM- BRE REGION: Near Fuerte Bulnes, Hatcher 1-7 & 6-6-c. per. (UW-M). Temnoma quadripartitum (Hook.) Mitt. Phytogeography. Amphipacific temperate; northward exten- sions in the American sector (West Patagonia to 39 16' S., Andean Patagonia at P. N. Nahuel Huapi), and in the New Zealand sector into the mountains of North Island, New Zealand. Also present in the subantarctic, on lies de Kerguelen, lies Crozet, Marion Island, and Prince Edward Island (see pi. 14). The report from Tristan da Cunha in Arnell (1958) is based on a specimen of Archeochaete temnomoides (see Schuster, 1966c). The report from Inaccessible Island in Arnell (1958) is questionable. Literature Records. Anonymous Strait of Magellan (Schiffner, 1895 as Blepharostoma, Schuster, 1967a-var. randii); Andersson- Pto. del Hambre (Angstrom, 1872 as Jungermannia, Fulford, 1963b, Schuster, 1967a-var. typica); Warnstorf-Strait of Magellan (Fulford, 1963b as T. subintegrum). Two varieties of the species occur in the Brunswick Peninsula. Temnoma quadripartitum (Hook.) Mitt. var. quadripartitum Jungermannia quadripartita Hook. Musci Exot. 2: pi. 117. f. 1-3. 1820. Temnoma quadripartitum (Hook.) Mitt. J. Linn. Soc. 15: 68. 1876. Blepharostoma quadripartitum (Hook.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 417. 1877. Original material: Argen- tina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, I. de los Estados, Menzies (K, V)- cited in Schuster (1967a). Jungermannia podophylla Angstr. Ofvers. K. VetenskAkad. Forh. 29 (4): 11. 1872, syn. fide Pearson (1887); non J. podophylla Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Cap. 2: 174. 1823 (=Symphyogyna). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. del Hambre, Andersson s.n, (S-PA)-cited in Schuster (1967a). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 71 Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. LAGUNO EL PARRIL- LAR: 4 km. E. of lake, ca. 305 m. (2122 A-c. per.+ 6). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6342 A-c. sporo., 6381-c. sporo.+ d); ridge between B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas, ca. 155 m. (6423 C-c. per. + sporo. & 6432 A). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6040-c. per. + sporo. + 6 & 6065 B-c. per.). Temnoma quadripartitum (Hook.) Mitt. var. randii (S. Arnell) Schust. Lepidozia randii S. Arnell, Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 47: 417. f. 6. 1953. Temnoma quadripartitum (Hook.) Mitt. var. randii (S. Arnell) Schust. Candollea 21: 307. 1967. Original material: Marion Is., Rand 3276 (S-PA)-cited in Schuster (1967a). Temnoma subintegrum Steph. ex Fulf. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gdn. 11: 57. 1963, syn. fide Schuster (1967a). Blepharostoma quadripartitum var. subintegrum Steph. Icon. Hep. Blepharostoma no. lOb, nom. nud. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. Bueno, Dusen 46 (G, H)-cited in Fulford (1963b) and Schuster (1967a) respectively. Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. PUERTO CUTTER RE- GION: N. side of copper mine (2301 E). Family ISOTACHIDACEAE Hatch. Nova Hedwigia 2: 579. 1960 ("Isotachaceae"). ISOTACHIS Mitt, in Hook, f., Bot. Ant. Voy. 2 (2): 148. 1854. KEY TO THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA SPECIES OF Isotachis 1. Underleaf margins one to several dentate-laciniate to occasionally small lobate. The armature often coarse. Underleaves usually bifid to one-half; underleaf basal lobe cells 14-25 /JL wide, 40-7K-78) (J. long 7. grossidens 1. Underleaf margins entire or variously dentate, occasionally small lobate. Un- derleaves 0.2-0.5 bifid; underleaf basal lobe cells 12-24 \L wide, 24-42(-44) fj. long 7. humectata Isotachis grossidens Steph. Isotachis grossidens Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 69. f. 25f,g. 1911. Lectotype (fide Solari, 1971b): Chile, Prov. 72 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Magallanes, I. Riesco, R. Grande, 16 April 1908, Skottsberg 128 (\JPS-non vidi}. Phytogeography . Southern Patagonian Channels (Brunswick Peninsula, S. Skyring, S. Otway) and Valdivian region north to 4008' S. Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Near Fuerte Eu\nes,Hatcher4-14 (UW-M). Isotachis humectata (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Steph. Jungermannia humectata Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. J. Bot. 3: 462. 1844. Lophocolea humectata (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 6: 656. 1906 ( = Spec. Hep. 3: 72). Isotachis humectata (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Steph. Spec. Hep. 3: 654. 1909. Lectotype (novj: Falkland Is., Hooker (FH!). Jungermannia madida Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. J. Bot. 3: 465. 1844, non J. madida Nees in Martius, Fl. Bras, seu Enum. PI. 1 (1): 362. 1833 (=? Porella, fide Swails, 1970, p. 249). Isotachis mad- ida (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mitt, in Hook. f. Bot. Ant. Voy. 2: 149. 1854. Lectotype (novj: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Hermite, Hooker (FH!-c. sporo.). Isotachis fusca Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 68. f. 25 d, e. 1911, syn. fide Hatcher (1960). Original material: Chile, Prov. Chiloe, V. Corcovado, 31 July 1908, Halle and Skottsberg 126 (NY!, UPS-cited in Solari, 1971b); Prov. Magal- lanes, F. Peel, F. de Los Ventisqueros, Halle and/or Skottsberg; Argentina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, R. Olivia, Halle and/or Skottsberg (non vidi). Isotachis pollens Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 70. f. 25 h-L 1911, syn. fide Hatcher (1960). Original material: Chile, Prov. Chiloe, I. Chiloe, R. Pudeto, Skottsberg (G, UPS)- cited in Hatcher (1960) and Solari (1971b) respectively. Isotachis striolata Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 11. f. 27 c, d. 1911, syn. fide Hatcher (1960). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, S. Otway, R. Grande, Skottsberg 133 (S- PA, UPS)-cited in Hatcher (1960) and Solari (1971b) respec- tively. Isotachis aequifoliata Steph. Spec. Hep. 6: 349. 1922, syn. fide Hatcher (1960). Original material: Bolivia, without specific lo- cality, Herzog 2848 (G)-cited in Hatcher (1960). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 73 Isotachis flavicans Steph. Spec. Hep. 6: 351. 1922, syn. fide Hatcher (1960). Original material: Chile, without specific locality, Skotts- berg 739 (G)-cited in Hatcher (1960) and Solari (1971b). Remarks. Fulford (1963b, p. 71), in the generic key, separates Triandrophyllum from Isotachis in a couplet based upon the char- acter "line of insertion hook-form or recurved at the dorsal end . . . ," with Triandrophyllum possessing the character and Iso- tachis lacking it. I have found /. humectata to have a strongly recurved ("hook-form") line of insertion at the dorsal end, and Hatcher (1961, pi. 18, f. 583) illustrates this in a male plant of 7. humectata. Vegetative characters are of little value in distinguish- ing the two genera and androecial and gynoecial characters must be relied upon. Hatcher (1960) records only ventral-intercalary branches for the genus Isotachis. Isotachis humectata, however, may produce ventral-intercalary branches as well as Frullania-type branches, the latter being quite commonly developed. Frullania-type branch- ing within Isotachis has been documented by Schuster (1963c, 1964) and Crandall (1969). There has been considerable confusion regarding the type local- ity and systematic position of Isotachis humectata. The type local- ity for Jungermannia humectata is the Falkland Islands, and the plant was originally described by Hooker & Taylor (1844, p. 462). Stephani (1906) transferred the species to Lophocolea, but three years later Stephani transferred the species to Isotachis, listing it from both Campbell and Falkland Islands. Hatcher (1961) was in error in his treatment of the taxon. He (p. 31) states for/, humec- tata "Campbell's Island: without loc., Hooker, a portion of the origi- nal material of J. humectata (FH)," and treated the plant as a synonym of/, intortifolia without mentioning the Falkland Island locality or the Lophocolea transfer. Solari (1971b) recognized both /. madida and /. humectata as distinct taxa and distinguishes them by stem anatomy, leaf seg- ment cell size, and underleaf shape and marginal characters. I have examined type material of both taxa, and I regard /. humec- tata as a hygrophilus form of a highly variable species which in- cludes /. madida. I have found considerable variation in a) cortical cell size [12-27(-35 /a wide)] and wall thickness; b) medullary cell size [(14-) 16-33 IJL in diameter]; c) leaf segment cell size (18-35 /-t long, 12-34 fji wide), wall thickness and trigone presence and size; 74 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 and d) underleaf marginal armature. The underleaf margins of/. humectata are entire or with l(-2) teeth or small lobes on either side and fall well within the underleaf variation of /. madida (s. sir.). Solari placed/, obtusiloba in synonymy of/, humectata. I regard Isotachis obtusiloba as distinct, with underleaves considerably smaller than the leaves and underleaf margins with one very large lobe on either side. Several Brunswick Peninsula plants agree with the treatment of /. fragilis in Hatcher (1961) and Fulford (1963b), particularly the presence of a deep brown pigmentation and small cell size. Iso- tachis fragilis is stated to be small and compact with stems 2-3 cm. long and median leaf cells 47x16 /x. Isotachis humectata, however, is stated to be pale green to greenish brown, larger, with stems 3-8 cm. long and median leaf cells 60-90x20-30 /x. I have studied nu- merous specimens which are intermediate between the characters used to distinguish the taxa. As an example, plants ofEngel 6078 are light brown to green brown in color, are large (to 6.3 cm. long), yet possess median leaf cells of 39-46x14-17 /x, measurements within the range given for/, fragilis. With the incorporation of this data into that of/, madida in Hatcher, plants of/, madida may be brown pigmented, have stems 2-8 cm. long and median leaf cells of 33-90x14-30 IM. Since I have not seen type material of/, fragilis, I cannot assess its relationships to /. madida with certainty. Solari (1971b) separates/, fragilis from/, madida on color alone, with the former brilliantly chestnut colored. The stems and leaves of Hatcher 7-12 are rose pigmented, a character not previously recorded for /. humectata. Ecology. Only within the evergreen forest region and then in situations where considerable moisture was available, such as on stream banks and rocks in streams, in a shallow wet depression in the "bryophyte rich fades," and on coastal rocks. Also on soil of a moist, shaded cliff base. The above mentioned coastal rocks (Pto. Cutter) received fresh water from rain and forest run-off, with salt water influence at most moderate. However, the species is able to grow in tidal zone regions (see Engel & Schuster, 1973). Phytogeography. Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, Pata- gonian Channels, and in the Valdivian region north to 3643' S. The nonsouthern South American records require confirmation. ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 75 Literature Records. A nonymous- Strait of Magellan (Bonner, 1966 as/, madida); Dusen- Strait of Magellan (Hatcher, 1960; Ful- ford, 1963b). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, Dusen 242 as /. madida (G); ibid., sin. coll. (NY). PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Near Fuerte Bulnes, Hatcher 7-12 (UW-M). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: E. side of bay (6413 B). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gal- lant (6065 A-c. perigyn., 6066, 6072, 6073, 6078-c. sporo.+peri- gyn., 6081 A, 6084 B, 6085 & 6089-c. perigyn.). BAHIA ARAUZ: 3 May 1908, Halle & Skottsberg 214 as I. subtrifidum (S-PA). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Between copper mine and river S. of mine (2161 E); N. side of copper mine (2314). Family LEPICOLEACEAE Schust. Nova Hedwigia 5: 27. 31 January 1963. Schust. ex Fulf. in Fulford, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gdn. 11: 30. 15 March 1963. Schust. Revue Bryol. Lichen. 26: 126. 1957, nom. inval. LEPICOLEA Bum. Recueil Obs. Jungerm. 20. 1835. KEY TO THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA SPECIES OF Lepicolea 1. Leaf segments ending in a uniseriate tip of a few to several elongate cells, the second, third, and fourth cell from tip elongate, the tip cell not a slime papilla L. ochroleuca 1. Leaf segments ending in a uniseriate tip of a few-celled row of short (subquad- rate to short rectangular) cells which are often caducous; the third and fourth cell from the tip short, the tip cell a slime papilla L. rigida Lepicolea ochroleuca (Spreng.) Spruce Jungermannia ochroleuca Spreng. Syst. Veget. 4 (2): 325. 1827. Sendtnera ochroleuca (Spreng.) Nees in G. L. & N. 240. 1845. Leperoma ochroleuca (Spreng.) Mitt, in Hook. f. Handb. N. Z. Flora. 754. 1867. Herbertia ochroleuca Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 397. 1877. Lepicolea ochroleuca (Spreng.) Spruce, Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 15: 345. 1885. Original material: South Africa, Cape of Good Hope, Ecklon s.n., (NY!, STR-cited in Scott, 1960). Jungermannia hirsuta Nees ex Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. J. Bot. 3: 289 (in errore pro 389), 475. 1844, nom. nud. 76 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Sendtnera ochroleuca /3 mexicana Gott. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk. Math. Afh. II. 6: 236. 1863, syn. fide Scott (1960). Phytogeography . Amphiatlantic; South Africa, Tristan da Cun- ha, Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, Patagonian Channels, Val- divian region (West Patagonia north to 3916' S., Andean Pata- gonia at P. N. Nahuel Huapi), Juan Fernandez, north in Andes to Mexico; also known from Brazil [cf. Lorscheitter (1973)]. The report from India in Hooker (1867) is regarded as erroneous. The New Zealand reports are either L. attenuate, or L. scolopendra, and that from Tasmania is likely L. scolopendra (fide citations in Scott, 1960). Literature Records. Cunningham-Pto. Gallant (Scott, 1960; Fulford, 1963b); Lechler-Rada York (Scott, 1960; Fulford 1963b); Schubert- Strait of Magellan (Reimers, 1926); Skottsberg & Halle Pto. Cutter (Stephani, 1911). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. RADA YORK: Lechler s.n. (NY). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: At copper mine (2266). Lepicolea rigida (De Not.) Scott Sendtnera rigida De Not. Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino II. 16: 229. pi. XV, 1-9. 1855. Herbertia rigida (De Not.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 397. 1877. Leperoma rigida (De Not.) Mass. Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. I. 17: 252. 1885. Lepicolea rigida (De Not.) Scott, Nova Hedwigia 2: 148. 1960. Original material: Chile, "Prov. Valparaiso, Valparaiso," Puccio (NY!). Lepicolea seriata Herz. Hedwigia 66: 91. f. 8. 1926, syn. fide Scott (1960). Original material: Chile, Prov. Aisen, Pta. Leopardos, Reichert & Hicken s.n. (JE)-cited in Scott (1960). Ecology. Rather common in the evergreen forest "bryophyte rich facies" where part of the bryophyte mounds and on shrub branches. In these situations the plants are often very robust. In forested areas on Nothofagus trunks and branches where it may form a thick dense mat. Phytogeography. Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, Pata- gonian Channels, and Valdivian region north to 4632' S., 7352' W. (Pta. Leopardos) (see pi. 9). Literature Records. Cunningham-Pto. Gallant (Scott, 1960, Fulford, 1963b); Doty-Strait of Magellan (Scott, 1960; Fulford, ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 77 I963b); Pillwax- Strait of Magellan (Scott, 1960; Fulford, 1963b). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, 1868, Dow (BM as Sendtnera ochroleuca, NY asL. ochroleuca); ibid., Kryptogamae Exsiccatae, Editae a Museo Palatino Vindobonensi, no. 95, Pillwax as Leperoma ochroleuca (BM, F); ibid., Whinnii as Sendtnera ochroleuca (BM). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: Mature forest on W. side of bay (6361 & 6369). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: Pto. Gallant, Cunningham 256 (BM asL. ochroleuca, NY); ibid., Cunningham 261 asL. ochro- leuca (NY); NE side of Pto. Gallant (6076). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Between copper mine and river S. of Mine (2155 B, 2165, 2178 & 2184 A); N. of copper mine (2202 & 2208 A); at copper mine (2278); base of M. Condor (2351 B). Family TRICHOCOLEACEAE Nakai in Ogurae* al. List Prof. Nakai's Pap. 200. 1943. TRICHOCOLEA Bum. Comment. Bot. 113. 1822 (Thricholea) , corr. Nees, Naturg. Eur. Leberm. 3: 103. 1838, (nom. cons.). Trichocolea elegans Lehm. Trichocolea elegans Lehm. Nov. Minus Cog. Stir. Pug. 10: 8. 1857. Original material: Chile, Prov. Valdivia, Lechler (NY)- cited in Hatcher (1958). Trichocolea verticillata Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 6): 57. 1900, syn. fide Hatcher (1958). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. Bueno, 31 May 1896, Dusen 52 (G!), S. Molyneux, 1 June 1896, Dusen (NY!); Prov. Aisen, R. Aisen Valley, January 1897, Dusen (NY!); Prov. Llan- quihue, La Ensenada, Dusen (non vidi); Prov. Chiloe, I. Chiloe, Dusen (non vidi); Argentina, Prov. Rio Negro, Puerto Blest, July Trichocolea decrescens Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 77. f. 30 b, c. 1911, syn. fide Hatcher (1958). Lectotype (nov.): Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Cta. Rayo, 1908, Skottsberg 587 (G! as "Patagonia occid."). Ecology. Forested areas (mature forests at B. San Nicolas and Pto. Gallant) where on rotted logs and on bark of trees, sometimes in a mat of vegetation covering the trunks. 78 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Phytogeography. Tierra del Fuego, Patagonian Channels, Val- divian region (including Andean Patagonia), and Juan Fernandez. The report of this species (as T. verticillata) from Tristan da Cunha and Inaccessible Island in Arnell (1958), should be con- firmed. The record from Australia in Stephani (1909) is doubtful. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, 1901, Schubert as T. verticillata (FH). PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Near Fuerte Bulnes, Hatcher 4-3 (UW-M). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6337). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: B. Fortescue (6000 A-c. sporo.). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Slightly W. of copper mine (2254 & 2264 B); base of M. Condor (2349). Trichocolea SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 1. Trichocolea tomentosa (Sw.) Gott. Jungermannia tomentosa Sw. Nov. Gener. Sp. PI. Prodr. 145. 1788. Trichocolea tomentosa (Sw.) Gott. Annls. Sci. Nat. V. 1: 132. 1864. Basichiton tomentosum (Sw.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 394. 1877. Original material: Jamaica, Swartz (S-PA) cited in Hatcher (1958). Reported by Angstrom (1872 as Jungermannia} for an Andersson Pto. del Hambre collection. According to Hatcher (1958), the spe- cies is widespread in tropical South America and the West Indies and extends north in Mexico. Family LEPIDOLAENACEAE Nakai in Ogurae* al. List Prof. Nakai's Pap. 200. 1943. GACKSTROEMIA Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 397. 1877. KEY TO THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA SPECIES OF Gackstroemia 1. Dorsal lobes of main axis armed and auriculate at dorsal base; cilia of dorsal lobes of branch leaves and helmets consistently present and as long or longer than the helmets; plants dioecious G. magellanica 1. Dorsal lobes of main axis not armed or auriculate at dorsal base; cilia of dorsal lobes of branch leaves and helmets mostly absent, when present distinctly shorter than the helmet length; plants monoecious 2 2. Helmets inflated throughout, with a lateral slit which is ca. at right angles with the helmet mouth; tooth or cilium of helmet persistent, inserted directly ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 79 above the termination of the lateral slit; perianth mouth ciliated; plants on soil where seepage present G. patagonica 2. Helmets contracted toward the mouth, inflated distally, without a lateral slit; free helmet margin at angle greater than 90 with helmet mouth; tooth of helmet often absent, when present considerably removed from mouth; per- ianth mouth entire; plants on bark G. hariotiana Gackstroemia hariotiana (Besch. & Mass.) Grolle Polyotus hariotianus Besch. & Mass. Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 639. 1886. Lepidolaena hariotiana (Besch. & Mass.) Schiffn. in Engl. & Prantl, Natiir. Pflanzenfam. 1 (3,1): HO. 1895. Gack- stroemia hariotiana (Besch. & Mass.) Grolle, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 30: 12. 1967. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Hermite, Hariot (PC)-cited in Grolle (1967). Hariotiella hermitensis Mass. Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. II. 5: 259. 1898, nom. inval. prov. Ecology. Collected but once in the peninsula, on bark ofNothofa- gus betuloides. Phytogeography. Tierra del Fuego and southern Patagonian Channels (Brunswick Peninsula). Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. PUERTO GALLANT RE- GION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6026-c. sporo.). Gackstroemia magellanica (Lam.) Trev. Jungermannia magellanica Lam. Encycl. Method. Bot. 3: 284. 1789 nonJ. magellanica Spreng. Annln Wetter. Ges. Naturk. 1 (1): 25. 1809 ( =Frullania) . Polyotus magellanicus (Lam.) Gott. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 248. 1845. Gackstroemia magellanica (Lam.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 397. 1877. Lepidolaena magellanica (Lam.) Evans, Contr. U.S. Natn. Herb. 1: 140. 1892. Lectotype (cf. Grolle 1967): Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Strait of Magellan, Commerson (PC-non vidi). Polyotus decipiens Goeb. ex De Not. Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino II. 16: 228. 1855, nom. nud., pro syn. Polyotus decipiens Goeb. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitzenzorg I. 7: 30. /. 23. 1888, syn. fide Grolle (1967). Lepidolaena hallei Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 74. f. 29 a-d. 1911, syn. fide Grolle (1967) non L. halleana Steph. Spec. Hep. 6: 370. 1923 (=L. menziesii fide Grolle, 1967). Lecto- type (cf. Grolle 1967): Falkland Is., Mt. Usborne, Halle s.n. (UPS) -non vidi. 80 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Lepidolaena skottsbergii Steph. Spec. Hep. 6: 371. 1923, syn. fide Grolle (1967) non L. skottsbergii Steph. K. Svenska Vetensk- Akad. Handl. 46 (9): 76. 1911 (=L. menziesii fide Grolle, 1967). Original material: Falkland Is., 1909, Skottsberg s.n. (G)-cited in Grolle (1967). Remarks. Gackstroemia magellanica is more variable than the account in Grolle (1967) would indicate. Grolle states the ventral lobes are entire or with a "Granne" and the underleaves of the main axis are entire. I have found the margins of these structures, on occasion, copiously ciliated. Occasionally, stems possess under- leaves with rather densely ciliated margins, while others on the same axis are nearly entire (see Engel 2245 B). Ecology. Evergreen Nothofagus forests from the very wet west- ern end to near the evergreen-deciduous forest boundary. In for- ested areas on bark of Nothofagus and Drimys (often as part of a mat of vegetation covering a trunk or branch), on rotted logs and less commonly on soil. Very common and conspicuous element of the evergreen forest "bryophyte rich facies" where at the bases, sides, and apices of bryophyte mounds, very commonly intermixed with other Hepaticae such as Adelanthus lindenbergianus, Anas- trophyllum involutifolium, Clasmatocolea puccioana, Jamesoniella colorata, Leptoscyphus horizontalis, Plagiochila ansata, and Riccar- dia prehensilis as well as the moss Dicranoloma imponens. Phytogeography. Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego (wide- spread), Patagonian Channels, Valdivian region (West Patagonia north to 3952' S.), and Juan Fernandez (see pi. 12). Australasian records of the species were shown by Grolle (1967) to be plants of G. weindorferi. Literature Records. Anony mous- Strait of Magellan (Schwae- grichen, 1814 as Jungermannia, Stephani, 1909 as Lepidolaena, Kuhnemann, 1937, 1949 as Lepidolaena); Andersson-Pto. del Hambre (Angstrom, 1872 as Jungermannia, Grolle, 1967); Commerson- Strait of Magellan (Hooker, 1818 and Taylor & Hook- er, 1847b as Jungermannia, G. L. & N., 1845 as Polyotus, Mon- tagne, 1845, 1852 as Polyotus, Reimers, 1926 as Lepidolaena, Hodgson, 1959 as Lepidolaena, Grolle, 1967; Dumont d'Urville- Pto. Gallant (Montagne, 1845 as Polyotus), Strait of Magellan (Montagne, 1852 as Polyotus); Jacquinot-Pto. Gallant (Montagne, 1845 as Polyotus); Lechler-Rada York (Grolle, 1967), Rada York, Punta Arenas (Reimers, 1926 as Lepidolaena); Le Guillou-Strait of ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 81 Magellan (Reimers, 1926 as Lepidolaena); Santesson-C. Mina Rica (Arnell, 1955 and Miiller, 1955 as Lepidolaena), Tres Puentes (Ar- nell, 1955 asLepidolaena), Punta Arenas (Grolle, 1967); Schubert- Strait of Magellan (Reimers, 1926 as Lepidolaena); Skottsberg & Halle-Pto. Cutter (Stephani, 1911 asLepidolaena). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Without specific locality, 13 February 1929, Roivainen 844c (H). Strait of Magellan, without specific locality, Albatross (F, FH, NY); ibid., 1868, Dow 4, Collin- son, Coppinger, Cunningham (NY); ibid., February 1861,Nadaud (F); ibid., 1901, Schubert (FH). PUNTA ARENAS REGION: Punta Arenas, Thaxter s.n., 52, 57 (FH), Thaxter s.n. (MICH). LAGUNO EL PARRILLAR: Just E. of lake, ca. 365 m. (2083); 4 km. E. of lake, ca. 305 m. (2128). FIORDO SILVA PALMA: Angostura Ti- tus, Pisano 3814 (F). PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Pto. del Hambre ("Magellan Sound"), Andersson (NY); N. side of R. San Juan, 1 km. from straits (1868). CABO SAN ISIDRO: 13 February 1929, Roivainen 2390 as L. hallei (H). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: B. San Nicolas, Pisano 3350 (F); W. side of bay (6332, 6342 D, 6367 A, 6387 & 6388 B); between B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas (6432 E-f. depauperata). BAHIA WOOD: April 1869, Cunningham 89 (NY). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: B. Fortes- cue (5958 D & 5969); Pto. Gallant, March 1867, Cunningham 129 (NY); NE side of Pto. Gallant (6004 E, 6008 E, 6022 D, 6027 B, 6037 A & 6042 D). RADA YORK: Lechler (NY). PUERTO CUT- TER REGION: Between copper mine and river S. of mine (2129-2, 2135 A, 2138 B, 2141, 2157 B, 2163 B, 2167 C, 2173 A, 2175 B, 2179 C & 2186); N. of copper mine (2205 B); W. of copper mine (2232, 2234 B, 2242 B, 2245 B & 2253); base of M. Condor (2333, 2338 & 2351 A). Gackstroemia patagonica (Steph.) Grolle Lepidolaena patagonica Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 76. f. 29 e-h. 1911. Gackstroemia patagonica (Steph.) Grolle, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 30: 14. 1967. Lectotype (cf. Grolle, 1967): Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Canal Gajardo, Halle & Skotts- berg s.n. (UPS-non uidi). Phytogeography. Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego (R. Azo- pardo and Pto. Angosto), and southern Patagonian Channels (Brunswick Peninsula and Canal Gajardo). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO GALLANT 82 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6045 C, 6062 & 6080 A-c. perigyn.). LEPIDOLAENA Dum. Recueil Obs. Jungerm. 13. 1835. Lepidolaena menziesii (Hook.) Dum. Jungermannia menziesii Hook. Musci Exot. 2: pi. 118, f. 1-6. 1820. Lepidolaena menziesii (Hook.) Dum. Recueil Obs. Jungerm. 13. 1835. Polyotus menziesii (Hook.) Gott. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 247. 1845. Original material: Argentina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, I. de los Estados, Menzies (E)-cited in Grolle (1967). Lepidolaena skottsbergii Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 76. f. 29 i, k. 1911, syn. fide Grolle (1967) non L. skottsber- gii Steph. Spec. Hep. 6: 371. 1923 ( =Gackstroemia magellanica) . Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1967): Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. Cut- ter, Halle & Skottsberg (UPS-non vidi). Lepidolaena halleana Steph. Spec. Hep. 6: 370. 1923, syn. fide Grolle (1967) non L. hallei Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 74. f. 29 a-d. 1911 ( =Gackstroemia magallanica) . Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1967): W. Patagonia, without specific lo- cality, Halle & Skottsberg (G-non vidi}. Ecology. Only in evergreen forests, in forested areas on soil and rotted logs, while in the "bryophyte rich fades" it occurred on the floor, particularly in well-shaded, wet depressions. It occasionally occurred as part of the bryophyte mounds. Phytogeography . Tierra del Fuego, Patagonian Channels, Val- divian region north to 3650' S., and Juan Fernandez (1,350 m. on Mas Afuera). Grolle (1967) points out the reports from Campbell Island, New Zealand and Antipodes Island are erroneous, and for the most part are plants of L. hodgsoniae. Literature Records. Andersson-Pto. del Hambre (Angstrom, 1872 as Jungermannia); Savatier-Pto. Gallant (Bescherelle & Massalongo, 1889 as Polyotus); Skottsberg & Halle-Pto. Cutter (Grolle, 1967). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, Cunningham 164 (NY); ibid., 1868, Dow 5 (NY). PUNTA ARENAS REGION: Punta Arenas, Lechler (NY). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 83 SEND OTWAY REGION: B. Camden (2006 A). CABO SAN ISI- DRO: 13 February 1929, Roivainen 2394 (H). BAHIA SAN NICO- LAS REGION: W. side of bay (6334 A); ridge between B. Bougain- ville and B. San Nicolas, ca. 155 m. (6422 A); PUERTO GALLANT REGION: Pto. Gallant, 1879, sin. coll. (PC-c. perigyn.); B. Fortes- cue, 28 November 1886, Safford as Trichocolea tomentella (NY); ibid., (5953-c. coel. & 5958 C). RADA YORK: Lechler (NY). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Between copper mine and river S. of mine (2170, 2171 A & 2173 B); W. of copper mine (2222 & 2247-c. coel.); at copper mine (2269A); base of M. Condor (2350 B & 2353). Lepidolaena SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA l.Lepidolaena palpebrifolia (Hook.) Dum. ex Trev. Jungermannia palpebrifolia Hook. Musci Exot. 1: pi. 71, f. 1-9. 1818. Lepidolaena palpebrifolia (Hook.) Dum. Recueil Obs. Jun- germ. 13. 1835, nom. inval. Polyotus palpebrifolius (Hook.) Gott. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 246. 1845. Lepidolaena palpebrifolia (Hook.) Dum. ex Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 393. 1877. Original material: New Zealand, South Island, Dusky Bay, Menzies (E, NY, S-PA)-cited in Grolle (1967). Reported for the Brunswick Peninsula by G. L. & N. (1845), Montagne (1852), Mitten (1854), Taylor & Hooker (1847b), and Kiihnemann (1937, 1949). All records are based upon a Dumont d'Urville collection, which according to Grolle (1967) presumably is Lepidolaena menziesii. Lepidolaena palpebrifolia is endemic to New Zealand. Family LEPIDOZIACEAE Limpr. in Cohn, Kryptogamenfl. Schles. 1: 310. 1875 [sub Lepidoz- ieae]. ACROMASTIGUM Evans, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 103. 1900. Acromastigum cunninghamii (Steph.) Evans Bazzania cunninghamii Steph. Hedwigia 32: 205. 1893. Mastigo- bryum cunninghamii (Steph.) Steph. Spec. Hep. 3: 540. 1909. Acromastigum cunninghamii (Steph.) Evans, Annls. Bryol. 84 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Suppl. 3: 106. 1934. Lectotype (cf. Fulford, 1966): Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. Gray, Cunningham 147 (BM-non vidi). Ecology. Collected but once in the Brunswick Peninsula, and then only in the wettest portion. It grew on a well shaded soil bank in a small forested area. Phytogeography. Patagonian Channel region north to 4357' S. in the Valdivian region. Grolle (1961a) notes the reports in Herzog (1954) are actually based upon plants of A. laetevirens. Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. PUERTO CUTTER RE- GION: Slightly W. of copper mine (2257). BAZZANIA S. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PL 1: 704, 775. 1821 (Bazzanius), corr. Carrington, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 10: 309. 1870 (nom. cons.). KEY TO THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA SPECIES OF Bazzania 1. Leaves with a conspicuous vitta; underleaves one-third to one-half divided into 4 teeth , B. nitida 1. Leaves without a vitta; underleaves with apices entire to variously incised, serrated to spinose-dentate to lobed, never with regular production of 4 teeth. Underleaves connate with leaves on both sides B. peruviana Bazzania nitida (Web.) Grolle Jungermannia nitida Web. Hist. Muse. Hep. Prodr. 43. 1815. Baz- zania nitida (Web.) Grolle, Revue Bryol. Lichen. 29: 210. 1960. Original material: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope, Thunberg (non vidi). Mastigobryum convexum Lindenb. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 215. 1845, syn. cf. Fulford (1946). Jungermannia convexa Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. 173. 1800 non J. convexa Scop. Fl. Carniol. 2nd ed. 2: 349. 1772. Bazzania convexa (Lindenb.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 414. 1877. Original material: South Afri- ca, Cape of Good Hope, Thunberg (non vidi). Mastigobryum richardianum Mitt, in Hook. f. Bot. Ant. Voy. 2: 147. 1854, syn. cf. Fulford (1946). Bazzania richardiana (Mitt.) Kuhnem. Revta Cent. Estud. Doct. Cienc. Nat., B. Aires 1: 156. 1937. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Strait of Ma- gellan, without specific locality, sin. coll., 1 (Herb. Richard) (NY!). 'Fulford (1946, 1959, 1963b) states that Richard made the collection. Richard did not visit southern South America. According to Stephani (1909, p. 532), Hooker ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 85 Bazzania carlii Herz. Beih. Bot. Zbl. 61 (B): 565. f. 1, e-h. 1942, syn. fide Fulford (1963b). Type: Brazil, Sta. Catharina, Jaragua, 400 m., 30 July 1937, Carl (JE)-cited in Fulford (1963b). Remarks. Jones (1975) has a description and two plates of the species. Phytogeography . Pan-temperate; reportedly occurs in New Zea- land, Australia, South Africa, southern South America, and Brazil. Literature Records. A nonymous- Strait of Magellan (Stephani, 1909 as Mastigobryum conuexum, Kiihnemann, 1949 as B. con- vexa); Richard-Strait of Magellan (Fulford, 1946, 1959 as B. con- vexo). Bazzania peruviana (Nees) Trev. Mastigobryum peruvianum Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 220. 1845. Bazzania peruviana (Nees) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 414. 1877. Original material: Peru, without specific locali- ty, sin. coll. (FH!). Bazzania brevidens Mitt, in Melliss, St. Helina p. 369. 1875 [sub Bazzanius] non B. brevidens (Steph.) Hatt. Bot. Mag., Tokyo 59: 26. 1946, syn. fide Grolle (1963a). Original material: Tristan da Cunha, Milne (NY)- cited in Grolle (1963a). Mastigobryum lechleri Steph. Hedwigia 25: 134. pi. 6, f. 10-14. 1886, syn. fide Fulford (1946). Bazzania lechleri (Steph.) Spruce, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1: 129. 1900. Original material: Chile, Prov. Valdivia, Valdivia, Lechler (FH, G)- cited in Fulford (1959). Mastigobryum peruvianum var. (3 minimum Schiffn. in Naumann, Forschungsr. Gazelle 4 (4): 17. pi. 4, f. 17-18. 1890, syn. fide Fulford (1946). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Desolacion, B. Tuesday, Naumann (FH)-cited in Fulford (1946). Mastigobryum cerinum Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 8 (10): 773. 1908 ( = Spec. Hep. 3: 457), syn. fide Fulford (1959). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Newton, Dusen (G)-cited in Fulford (1959). footnote continued from p. 84. made the collection (in which case the collection locality is erroneous as Hooker did not visit the Strait of Magellan). The specimen may possibly have been collected during the visit of the Astrolabe and Zelee to the Strait of Magellan and later communicated to Richard. 86 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Mastigobryum skottsbergii Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 60. f. 22 i, k. 1911, syn. fide Grolle (1963a). Bazza- nia skottsbergii (Steph.) Fulf. Ann. Crypt. Phytopath. 3: 122. 1946. Lectotype (fide Fulford, 1959): Juan Fernandez, Mas a Tierra, 1908, Skottsberg 50 (G!). Mastigobryum creberrimum Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 60. f. 22 c, d. 1911, syn. cf. Fulford (1959). Bazza- nia creberrima (Steph.) S. Arnell, Results Norw. Sclent. Exped. Tristan da Cunha 1937-1938, 3 (42): 4. 1958. Original material: Chile, Prov. Chiloe, I. de San Pedro; Prov. Aisen, Cta. Hale; Prov. Magallanes, Cta. Rayo, Skottsberg and/or Halle (non vidi). Ecology. Wetter portions of the peninsular evergreen forests as part of the thick vegetation covering of tree trunks, as well as in pendent sheets of bryophytes, both situations of which are quite common in the region. Phytogeography. Andean South American; Tierra del Fuego, Patagonian Channels, the Valdivian region, Juan Fernandez, Peru, Brazil, and Tristan da Cunha. Literature Records. Schubert- Strait of Magellan (Fulford, 1959, 1963b). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: B. Fortescue (5989). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Slightly W. of copper mine (2242 A, 2251 B & 2255) ; .base of M. Condor (2327, 2342 & 2354). Bazzania SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 1. Bazzania involuta (Mont.) Trev. Herpetium involutum Mont. Annls. Sci. Nat. II. 19: 253. 1843. Mas- tigobryum involutum (Mont.) G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 220. 1845. Bazzania involuta (Mont.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 414. 1877. Original material: Auckland Is., Hombron (non vidi). Reported for the Strait of Magellan by Stephani (1908). Accord- ing to Hodgson (1954), B. involuta occurs on Auckland and Stewart Islands and New Zealand. 2. Bazzania spruceana Steph. Bazzania spruceana Steph. Hedwigia 32: 213. 1893. Mastigobryum spruceanum (Steph.) Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 8 (11): 845. ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 87 1908 ( = Spec. Hep. 3: 469). Original material: Peru, M. Guayra- purina, Spruce (FH)-cited in Fulford (1946). Mastigobryum burchellii Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 8 (12): 959. 1908 (=Spec. Hep. 3: 509), syn. fide Fulford (1959). Original material: Brazil, Burchell 3847 (G)-cited in Fulford (1959). The report of this species from the Strait of Magellan stems from the Stephani (1908) type locality information provided for M. bur- chellii. However, as discussed in Fulford (1959), the locality data accompanying the original description plus that on the type packet are erroneous, since the original material was actually gathered in Brazil. HYALOLEPIDOZIA S. Arnell ex Grolle, Revue Bryol. Lichen. 32: 179. 1963. S. Arnell, Bot. Notiser 115: 203. 1962, nom. inval. sin. descr. lot. Hyalolepidozia bicuspidata (Mass.) S. Arnell ex Grolle Lepidozia bicuspidata Mass. Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. I. 17: 239. pi. 22, f. 25. 1885. Hyalolepidozia bicuspidata (Mass.) S. Arnell, Bot. No- tiser 115: 213. 1962, nom. illeg. Paracromastigum bicuspidatum (Mass.) Schust. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 26: 276. 1963. Hyalolepidozia bicuspidata (Mass.) S. Arnell ex Grolle, Revue Bryol. Lichen. 32: 179. 1963. Original material: Argentina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, I. de los Estados, Pto. Cook, Spegazzini 45b (G)-cited in Fulford (1968). Ecology. Mixed with Sphagnum sp. in protected hollows in an open Empetrum-Nothofagus mosaic and on the sides of bryophyte mounds in the "bryophyte rich fades." Phytogeography. Amphiatlantic temperate; South Africa (Table Mt.), southern Patagonia (Brunswick Peninsula and R. Rubens), Patagonian Channels, the Valdivian region north to 4146' S. (West Patagonia), Juan Fernandez, and "Frai Jorge." Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: Ridge between B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas (6429 -c. per. & 6436-c. per.). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6036 E). HYGROLEMBIDIUM Schust. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 26: 277. 1963. 88 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Hygrolembidium isophyllum Schust. Hygrolembidium isophyllum Schust. Nova Hedwigia 15: 467. pi. 56. 1968. Holotype: Argentina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, C. Gari- baldi, near L. Escondido, Schuster 58319e (hb. Schuster!). Remarks. See comments in Engel (1974). Ecology-Phytogeography . In the Brunswick Peninsula I found the species only in the relatively dry eastern end (8 km. west of Punta Arenas, 305-610 m.), and here it grew on soil among cushion plants. Raymond E. Hatcher made several collections of the taxon between Punta Arenas and Puerto Natales, ca. 100 km. north of the Strait of Magellan, a locality which is on the eastern side of the Andes and thus relatively dry. The only other localities known for the species are the mountainous region of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands (leg. Engel}. On the mainland this taxon seems to be restricted to deciduous Nothofagus forests of magellanian South America (see pi. 7). Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. PUNTA ARENAS RE- GION: Ridge above refugio (Club Andino), 8 km. W. of Punta Are- nas, 305-610 m. (1982-c. per. + sporo.). KURZIA v. Mart., Flora 28: 417. 1870. Microlepidozia (Spruce) J0rg. Bergens Mus. Skr. 16: 303. 1934. Lepidozia subg. Microlepidozia Spruce, J. Bot., Lond. 14: 165. 1876. Micrisophylla Fulf. Brittonia 14: 124. 1962, syn. fide Schuster, 1969c, p. 41. There has been some degree of doubt expressed concerning the validity of the genus Micrisophylla. Grolle (1963b) transferred one of the species regarded by Fulford (1962) as a Micrisophylla (M. saddlensis) out of Lepidozia to Kurzia. Schuster (1969c, p. 41) stated "I tentatively agree (with Grolle) in regarding the Microlepi- dozia and Micrisophylla elements as being basically congeneric, although the type of Micrisophylla may represent a distinct ge- nus." In addition, Schuster (loc. cit., p. 44) states, "I think, howev- er, that perhaps the type M. setiformis stands further apart from Microlepidozia than preceding accounts make clear. The brownish color and the irregular and almost Temnoma-like branching and facies, without the rather regularly pinnate branching typical of Microlepidozia, are suggestively different. The status of Micriso- ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 89 phylla thus remains open to question." I regard the genus Micriso- phylla as a distinct and highly primitive subgenus of Kurzia. Micrisophylla was described in Fulford (1962) for four species of southern South American Hepaticae, and was held by her to be distinct from Kurzia because of the possession of the following characters: a) the radial symmetry of leafy stems; b) the long ven- tral stolons; c) the wide variation in gynoecial position; and d) the enlarged turgid axes below the female inflorescence. Study of specimens of the complex from southern Chile (includ- ing the Brunswick Peninsula), the Falkland Islands, and Tristan da Cunha has shown a distinct progression of stages from near isophylly to distinct anisophylly, and a trend from lack of definite branch organization, (i.e., irregularly pinnate and diffuse pattern) to a regularly pinnate pattern with regularly alternating Microlepidozia- and Frullania -branch types which are characteris- tic of Kurzia (sensu stricto). I regard K. mollis as the most primitive of the subgenus, as it approaches true isophylly more closely than other members of the subgenus, and has a highly irregular branch system. Fulford (1966, p. 222) implies true symmetry for the species in her state- ment "leaves and underleaves alike." However, the underleaves are 0.65-0.85 x the size of the leaves. I have studied the branching of K. mollis in some detail. Frullania-type, Acromastigum-type (a branch type not previously reported for "Micrisophylla" and a third type of terminal branching for the species), and leafy as well as flagelliform ventral-intercalary branches are commonly pro- duced with ventral-intercalary branches often copiously developed. On material studied, Frullania-type branches are frequently pro- duced on one side of the axis with the other side denuded of branches. Microlepidozia-type and lateral-intercalary branches are very rarely produced. I have found the branching to be quite plas- tic, e.g., on one short stem (1.1 cm. long) the following branch types were present: lateral- and ventral-intercalary type, Frullania-type, Acromastigum-type, and Microlepidozia-type. In addition, apices of leafy branches occasionally become flagelliform. With the presence of nearly complete radial symmetry and irregular branch pattern coupled with the production of terminal branching from all three sectors, K. mollis is a highly unspecialized, primitive taxon. Ful- ford (1962) states for the gynoecial position of the species, "female inflorescence terminal on a long flagelliform branch ending in an enlarged turgid tip." While I have seen gynoecia in only a single 90 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 specimen (young 9 in Engel 2313), they were found to be present on short, restricted, ventral-intercalary branches, as they typically are in Kurzia (and the family Lepidoziaceae). The instability of gynoecial position is also considered a primitive condition. Kurzia setiformis (the type species of Micrisophylla) was found to be intermediate between K. mollis and K. saddlensis. This species, like K. mollis, possesses the irregularly pinnate, diffuse branching, but differs in lacking Acromastigum-type branches. The under- leaves are 0.45-0.75 the leaf size and are thus somewhat more anisophyllous than K. mollis. Fulford (1962, 1966) reports that only a single immature female inflorescence was seen, and this on a ventral leafy branch. I have, however, seen several collections with mature perianths, and all gynoecia observed were found to occur on short, abbreviated ventral-intercalary branches. While K. mollis is pigmented only at the base, with upper portions green, K. setiformis possesses brownish secondary pigmentation throughout the entire plant. Kurzia (Micrisophylla) saddlensis may be regarded as more ad- vanced (reduced) than the above two taxa. The branching in K. saddlensis frequently has the regularly pinnate alternation of Mi- crolepidozia type on one side of the axis with Frullania type on the other side (however, axes with Frullania-type branching on one side and the other denuded of branches, as well as branchless axes, are occasionally produced). Thus, K. saddlensis possesses a branch pattern similar to Kurzia (sensu stricto). This taxon is slightly more anisophyllous than K. setiformis, with the underleaves 0.40- 0.66 (-0.86) the leaf size. This species is thus the most reduced of the three taxa and culminates a reduction sequence from the prim- itive K. mollis through K. setiformis to K. saddlensis. While the branching pattern is more advanced, the gynoecial position is vari- able and thus unstable, a primitive feature compared to the more advanced condition of perianths restricted to short, abbreviated ventral-intercalary branches in the Lepidoziaceae. Like K. setifor- mis, this species has the deep brown secondary pigmentation. It is with good reason then, that Grolle (1963b) regards Micrisophylla saddlensis as a species of Kurzia. Fulford (1962, 1966) regards the "unequal (rarely equal)" under- leaf segments a generic feature of Microlepidozia, but does not mention this feature for Micrisophylla in either publication. In all three species of Kurzia examined, I have found aborted underleaf ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 91 segments to be a highly consistent and dependable character. Kur- zia mollis commonly has but one of the underleaf segments short and abbreviated, and a given axis produces underleaves with one abbreviated segment scattered among underleaves with no size reduction in segments. In K. setiformis the underleaves have 1-2 (-3) aborted segments, commonly with the middle two segments smaller. The underleaves with abbreviated segments tend to be scattered among leaves with all four segments equal in size or occasionally occur in regions of asymmetrical underleaves. A given axis of this taxon has at least some to nearly all of its underleaves with aborted segments. Figures 78 and 81 in Fulford (1962) exhibit slightly (fig. 81) and distinctly (fig. 78) aborted segments; this fea- ture, however, is not mentioned in the text. The quadrifid or occa- sionally trifid underleaves of K. saddlensis have 1-2 segments of an underleaf aborted, and on a given axis, nearly all of the under- leaves have aborted segments, with equal segments scattered or in groups among the typical individuals. In summary, I regard Micrisophylla Fulf. as a subgenus ofKur- zia for the following reasons outlined: 1) The presence of a typically Microlepidozioid branching pattern in K. saddlensis, which repre- sents the extreme in a progression toward branch stabilization in the subgenus. As K. setiformis, the type of Micrisophylla, repre- sents an intermediate condition in this progression, I would not regard it as "suggestively different." 2) The consistent production of at least some (and frequently nearly all) underleaves with 1-2 (-3) aborted segments. 3) The frequent production of gynoecia on short, abbreviated, ventral-intercalary branches. 4) The presence in Telaranea (Lepidoziaceae) of a species (T. apiahyna) with gynoe- cia on short or long ventral-intercalary branches, or even terminal on the main stem or a lateral branch. Thus Kurzia (sensu lato) is not unique in the absence of restricted gynoecial position typical of Lepidoziaceae. 5) The presence of the brown secondary pigmenta- tion, a feature very commonly produced in Kurzia, and thus not "suggestively different" from it. As there is wide variation in ani- sophylly, e.g., from near isophylly to distinctly anisophyllous, I do not agree with Fulford's statement (1962, p. 124): "This new genus (Micrisophylla) is of special significance because of the radial symmetry . . . ," and would thus not attach the generic significance given to it by Fulford. The unstable, plastic, irregular branching, the variable, i.e., un- stable gynoecial position, the approach to isophylly, and the rela- 92 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 tively broad and many celled leaf lobes (especially inK, setiformis) are features which mark the subgenus as the most primitive ele- ment within the genus Kurzia. KEY TO THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA SPECIES OF Kurzia 1. Leaf lobes (2-3) 4 cells wide at base; leaves and underleaves stiff, erect, strongly spreading, bristle-like; leaf lobes ending in a uniseriate row of 2-5 cells; plants, at least in a considerable apical portion, green; Acromastigum- type branches frequently produced K. mollis 1. Leaf lobes (4-) 5-12 cells wide at base; leaves and underleaves suberect, leaf lobes usually curved towards the stem, leaves lax, not bristle-like; leaf lobes ending in a uniseriate row of 1-3 cells; plants deep brown throughout, or occa- sionally golden brown at apices; Acromastigum-type branches not present K. setiformis Kurzia mollis (Steph.) Engel & Schust. Lepidozia mollis Steph. Spec. Hep. 3: 601. 1909. Micrisophylla mol- lis (Steph.) Fulf. Brittonia 14: 131. 1962. Kurzia mollis (Steph.) Engel & Schust. in Engel, Bryologist 79: 514. 1976. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. Bueno, Dusen s. n. (G)- citedinFulford(1962). Phytogeography. Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, and the Patagonian Channels north to 5059' S. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6064 D, 6071 A & 6088 C). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: N. of copper mine (2213-c. 6+ 9 & 2313-c. 9). Kurzia setiformis (De Not.) Engel & Schust. Lepidozia setiformis De Not. Memorie Accad. Sci. Torrino II. 16: 255. f. XIII, 1-6. 1855. Mastigophora setiformis (De Not.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 416. 1877. Micrisophylla setiformis (De Not.) Fulf. Brittonia 14: 127. 1962. Kurzia setifor- mis (De Not.) Engel & Schust. in Engel, Bryologist 79: 514. 1976. Neotype 1 (fide Fulford 1966): Argentina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, 'Fulford (1962) lists a Spegazzini collection (ex hb. Massalongo 115 2 ) from I. Navarino as a neotype and in 1966 she lists the same collection (G 334) from I. de los Estados. I have examined this Geneva specimen and it is from I. de los Estados. Fulford (1966) states the type of Lepidozia setiformis, which I have not seen, is a Niger collection. Puccio (with one exception) made the Chilean collections reported on in De Notaris ( 1855). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 93 I. de los Estados, Spegazzini s.n. (G 334! ex /ift.Massalongo 115 2 ). Original material: Chile, "Prov. Valparaiso, Valparaiso," Puccio (non vidi). Lepidozia obscura Angstr. in Steph. Spec. Hep. 3: 602. 1909, syn. fide Fulford (1962). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Strait of Magellan, Pto. del Hambre, Andersson s.n. (FH!, G!). Lepidozia fusca Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 64. f. 24 h-i. 1911, syn. fide Fulford (1962). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, S. Skyring, B. Pinto, Halle & Skottsberg 170 (G, S-PA)-cited in Fulford (1962). Lepidozia cunninghamii Steph. Spec. Hep. 6: 322. 1922, syn. fide Fulford (1962). Original material: 1 Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. Grappler, Cunningham inter no. 179 (G)-cited in Fulford (1962). Remarks. Mixed with original material of Lepidozia obscura is a plant of Microlepidozia mollis. It is clear, however, that Stephani, in his original description, was referring to plants of M. setiformis. Phytogeography. Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, and the Patagonian Channels north to 4855' S.; reportedly disjunct in Tasmania (fide Fulford, 1962, 1966). Literature Records. 2 Anonymous- Strait of Magellan (Kuhn- emann, 1937, 1949 as Lepidozia obscura and L. setiformis); Andersson-Strait of Magellan (Fulford, 1962, 1966 as Micriso- phylla). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6018 B-c. per.+ 9 + i "rt (g' V "^3 5 cO be *3 d Q) rt fi 2 "^ QC 5 C ** ^v ^* 08 w* O fi 1 2 ^ CJ _C '-D co ! CD "1 S C fa sf 2 1 c S & - 83 3 5P-2 JH S *C fl 08 & -a < w cu 6 CO ' ,? ^ cfl O o >H O CQ eft Recurved to incurved Smooth to d striate Fusiform-su tu 4. g "2" 2 co o "2 ;_ > CO o ^ S H CO L *-> .3 Peru, leg. Jam (FH) and Ecua Jameson (NY) leucocephalum Acuminate to na broadly triangul 65 Incurved to recu c T3 C CO 5 aj 8 ^ 8 'S O3 to Cylindrical-subf 3 10 ,0 j-T 0) 2 CO c! o JD 1 o CJ i ^* ?~? o * 3C C -o 2^1 CO C oE S JJ, CU rt Isl CO O o S- O^ CQ oo L 3 -t-> 8 03 CO 1 O a? Z 1" DC S +1 o Type of A. leucocephalum Ecuadorean An leg. Jameson (F Elongate and nar triangular, often acuminate, 34-50 Recurved CU _ CO '-J3 CO Q Fusiform O s, o C 116 ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 117 crebrifolium (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Steph. The species is known from Tierra del Fuego, Patagonian Channels, Juan Fernandez, and north in the Andes to Ecuador. Ecology. Rather common in the evergreen forest "bryophyte mound facies." Here it occurs on the sides and apices of bryophyte mounds, often intermixed with other Hepaticae, particularly Ade- lanthus lindenbergianus, Clasmatocolea puccioana, Jamesoniella colorata, Plagiochila ansata, andRiccardiaprehensilis. Phytogeography. Tierra del Fuego and the southern Patagonian Channel region (Brunswick Peninsula, I. Riesco), and 1,220 m. on Mas Afuera, Juan Fernandez (Hatcher & Engel 66). The report from the Valdivian region (in Stephani, 1900) requires confirma- tion. Literature Records. A nony mous- Strait of Magellan (Bonner, 1962); (Angstrom, 1872 as Jungermannia); Hombron-Pto. del Hambre (Montagne, 1845, 1852, and 1856 as Jungermannia), Strait of Magellan (Taylor & Hooker, 1847b as Jungermannia), "Magellaens Land" (G. L. & N., 1844 as Jungermannia). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, Coppinger, with Anastrepta longissima (NY); ibid., Dumont d'Urville (PC); ibid., sin. coll., ex. hb. Montagne (NY). PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Pto. del Hambre, An- dersson (S-PA). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: Ridge between B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas (6443-c. cJ). PUERTO GAL- LANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6004 G-c. per., 6008 B-c. per.+ d, 6037 B-c. 6, 6042 B-c. per.+ c?, & 6059 B). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Between copper mine and river S. of mine (2139-c. per., 2757 A, 2161 D, 2163 C, 2176 C, & 2179 A); W. of copper mine (2233 A, 2234 C & 2367). Anastrophyllum schismoides (Mont.) Steph. Jungermannia schismoides Mont. Annls. Sci. Nat. II. 19: 250. 1843. Anastrophyllum schismoides (Mont.) Steph. Hedwigia 32: 140. 1893. Original material: Auckland ls.,Hombron (non vidi). Remarks. Anastrophyllum schismoides is a rather close relative of A. crebrifolium, but the two taxa are separable by the former having leaves with a) entire dorsal margins (very rarely with a single lacinium); and b) large trigones with intervening walls thin; while the latter has a) dorsal margins often 1-2 laciniate-lobate; ! 18 FIELDI AN A: BOTANY , VOLUME 4 1 and b) large trigones which are confluent, or if not confluent, then with intervening walls thickened. Phytogeography. Amphipacific temperate; in the American sec- tor reported to occur as far north as the Valdivian region; in the New Zealand sector on the New Zealand shelf islands, New Zea- land and Tasmania. The Valdivian and Fuegian records require confirmation. Bon- ner (1962) erroneously states "St. Helena" for the distribution of this taxon. Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. PUERTO CUTTER RE- GION: N. of copper mine (2204-c. per.). Anastrophyllum SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 1. Anastrophyllum minutum (Schreb.) Schust. Jungermannia minuta Schreb. in Cranz, Fortsetz. Hist. Gronl. p. 285. 1770. Diplophyllum minutum (Schreb.) Dum. Recueil Obs. Jungerm. 16. 1835. Lophozia minuta (Schreb.) Schiffn. in Engl. & Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 1 (3, 1): 85. 1893. Sphenolobus minutus (Schreb.) Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 2 (2): 165. 1902 (=Spec. Hep. 2: 157). Anastrophyllum minutum (Schreb.) Schust. Am. Midi. Nat. 42: 576. 1949. Eremonotus minutus Schust. in Schuster et a/., Bull. Natn. Mus. Can. 164: 40. 1959. Original material: Greenland, sin. coll., hb. Dillenius (OXF)-cited in Grolle (1961b). Reported by Angstrom (1872 as Jungermannia} for a Pto. del Hambre collection by Andersson. The report is erroneous as the specimen is actually one of Cephalolobus sphenoloboides (fide S- PA!). According to Schuster (1968b, p. 488), Anastrophyllum minu- tum is "holarctic in range, with disjunct extensions southward to Mexico; it also occurs southward to Sikkim and Nepal," with iso- lated stations in South Africa and New Guinea (13,500 ft.). ANDREWSIANTHUS Schust. Revue Bryol. Lichen. 30: 66. 1961. Andre wsianthus australis Engel Andrewsianthus australis Engel, Bryologist 75: 328. f. 1-42. 1972. ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 119 Holotype: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Cta. Amalia, 1 October 1969, Engel 5411A (MSC!-c. per. + sporo.+ 6). Ecology. Restricted to and rare in the wettest portion of the evergreen forested region. In the evergreen forest "bryophyte rich fades" it was collected in a shallow depression mixed with Anas- trophyllum involutifolium, Isotachis humectata, Lophocolea otiphyl- la, Plagiochila ansata, and Riccardia spectabilis. Also observed on a thin layer of soil over rock in this facies, where it was mixed with Cryptochila grandiflora. Further encountered on a coastal rock, mixed with Cryptochila grandiflora, Radula helix, and Temnoma quadripartitum. The above mentioned coastal rocks received fresh water from rain and forest run-off, with salt water influence at most moderate. This species is not among those that I repeatedly collected in tidal zone regions in the Patagonian Channels (see Engel & Schuster, 1973). Phytogeography. Falkland Islands and Patagonian Channels north to 5056' S., 7352' W. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Between copper mine and river S. of mine (2161 G-c. per.); N. of copper mine (2219 B-c. 6 &2301 B}. CEPHALOLOBUS Schust. Revue Bryol. Lichen. 34: 244. 1966. Cephalolobus Schust. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 26: 211, 266. 1963, nom. nud. Cephalolobus sphenoloboides Schust. Cephalolobus sphenoloboides Schust. Revue Bryol. Lichen. 34: 251. 1966. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Desolacion, Pto. Angosto, 28 March 1896, Dusen 177 (G)-cited in Schuster (1966a). Phytogeography. Known only from the type locality and the Brunswick Peninsula. Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, Andersson as Jungermannia minuta (S-PA-c. d). PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Puerto del Hambre, An- dersson as Jungermannia minuta (S-PA-c. per. -I- 8). 120 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 LOPHOZIA (Dum.) Dum. Recueil Obs. Jungerm. 17. 1835. Jungermannia sect. Lophozia Dum. Syll. Jungerm. 53. 1831. KEY TO THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA SPECIES OF Lophozia 1. Underleaves present, polymorphous, bifid or undivided and oblong, Ungulate or lanceolate; plants monoecious. Leaves 0.4-0.5 bifid, lobes mostly lanceolate or narrowly triangular, often twisted or recurved; lobe margins recurved in region of sinus L. crispata 1. Underleaves absent; plants dioecious 2 2. Gemmae present; medulla with ventral half of small cells which are brownish at the base; leaves with trigones medium L. sp. 1 2. Gemmae absent; medulla uniform, ventral cells not smaller, brownish cells absent; leaves with trigones absent L. patagonica Lophozia crispata Schust. Lophozia crispata Schust. Nova Hedwigia 15: 474. pi. 59. 1968. Holotype: Argentina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, R. Harubre Valley, S. of P. Garibaldi, Schuster 5941 7b (hb. Schuster-rcorc. vidi). Phytogeography . Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego and the Brunswick Peninsula. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6346 B-c. per.+ d); ridge between B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas, ca. 155 m. (6432 D). Lophozia patagonica Herz. & Grolle Lophozia patagonica Herz. & Grolle in Grolle, Revue Bryol. Lichen. 28: 343. f. 1 a-e. 1959. Original material: Chile, Prov. Osorno, between San Juan de la Costa and Pucatrihue, 800 m., 1958, Oberdorfer 246 (hb. Oberdorfer & hb. Grolle-ram vidi). Remarks. Grolle (1959b) states the leaves of L. patagonica are constantly bilobed, however, the leaves of the Brunswick Penin- sula plants are frequently three lobed. Variation in lobe number is of rather frequent occurrence for taxa in the subgenus Massula, and this variability in L. patagonica lends further support to its close relationship to L. capitata, L. grandiretis, and L. marchica of the northern hemisphere. Ecology. Known only in association with Sphagnum, either in Sphagnum bogs or in scattered mounds of Sphagnum in an open mosaic oiEmpetrum-Nothofagus as in the B. San Nicolas region. It may be mixed with Calypogeia sphagnicola. ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 121 Phytogeography . Southern Patagonian Channels (Brunswick Peninsula) and the Valdivian region. It is likely that this species will have a wider distribution after more Sphagnum bogs are sampled. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. RIO TRES BRAZOS REGION: Plateau above R. Tres Brazos at road crossing, ca. 160 m., Ostafichuk 1383 E (MSC). LAGUNA EL PARRILLAR: Near E. shore of lake, ca. 365 m., (2117). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: Ridge between B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas, ca. 155 m. (6420 A & 6428 A). Lophozia sp. 1 Material of Engel 1968, which is androecial, but without per- ianths, belongs to subg. Lophozia. The plant has the facies of a Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dum., which is circumboreal and cir- cumpolar, but without study of more copious materials, including perianth and oil body data, assignment of a specific name for this plant would be wholly premature. For a treatment of L. ventricosa see Schuster (1969c). Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. PUNTA ARENAS RE- GION: Ridge above refugio (Club Andino), 8 km. W. of Punta Are- nas, 305-610 m. (1968). Lophozia SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 1. Lophozia laxifolia (Mont.) Grolle tSarcoscyphus laxifolius Mont. Annls. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 346. 1845. Nardia laxifolia (Mont.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 400. 1877. Anastrophyllum laxifolium (Mont.) Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier 1 (11): 1131. 1901 ( = Spec. Hep. 2: 114). Lophozia laxifolia (Mont.) Grolle, J. Jap. Bot. 39: 173. 1964. Original ma- terial: Chile, without specific locality, sin. coll., ex hb. Montagne (FH-hb. Taylor!). This species was reported by Stephani (1911) as Anastrophyllum laxifolium for a Skottsberg collection from Pto. Pomar. The speci- men (UPS!), however, is not Lophozia laxifolia but rather A. crebrifolium q.v. The only other report of Lophozia ("Anastrophyllum") laxifolium in the Magellanian region is that of a second station mentioned in Stephani (1911) above Rio 122 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Azopardo, Tierra del Fuego. The specimen is actually one of Anastrophyllum ciliatum [3 March 1908, Halle & Skottsberg 59 (UPS!)]. Lophozia laxifolia is known only from the Valdivian region. ROIVAINENIA Perss. in Perss. & Grolle, Nova Hedwigia 3: 43. 1961. Roivainenia jacquinotii (Mont.) Grolle Jungermannia Jacquinotti Mont. Annls. Sci. Nat. II. 19: 250. 1843. Chiloscyphus jacquinotii (Mont.) Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 185. 1845. Roivainenia jacquinotii (Mont.) Grolle in Persson & Grolle, Nova Hedwigia 3: 44. 1961. Lectotype (cf. Persson & Grolle, 1961): Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Strait of Magellan, Jac- quinot (PC!). Jungermannia antarctica Angstr. Ofvers. K. VetenskAkad. Forh. 29 (4): 10. 1872, syn. fide Persson & Grolle (1961). Lophozia antarctica (Angstr.) Evans, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 416. 1898. Roivainenia antarctica (Angstr.) Perss. in S. Arnell, Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 49: 239. 1955, nom. illeg. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. del Hambre, 1852, Andersson (non vidi). Jungermannia Pigafettoana Mass. Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. I. 17: 217. pi. 14, f. 7. 1885, syn. cf. Stephani (1901). Lophozia pigafettoana (Mass.) Kiihnem. Lilloa 19: 344. 1949. Original material: Argen- tina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Spegazzini (non vidi). Jungermannia verrucosa Steph. Hedwigia 34: 51. 1895, syn. cf. Stephani (1901). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. Eden, Cunningham (non vidi). Leioscyphus Skottsbergii Steph. Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Siidpola- rexped. 4 (1): 5. f. 6-7. 1905, syn. fide Persson & Grolle (1961). Mylia skottsbergii (Steph.) Schust. Am. Midi. Nat. 62: 34. 1959. Lectotype (cf. Persson & Grolle, 1961): South Georgia, Skottsberg (G-non vidi). Anastrophyllum verrucosum Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 21. f. 7c. 1911, syn. fide Persson & Grolle (1961). Lectotype (cf. Persson & Grolle, 1961): Southern Patagonia, Skottsberg (G-non vidi). Acrobolbus patagonicus Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 23. f. 7d. 1911, syn. fide Persson & Grolle (1961). Lecto- ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 123 type (cf. Persson & Grolle, 1961): Chile, Prov. Aisen, Coihaique, Halle (G-non vidi). Leioscyphus bilobatus Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 35. f. 13 a, b. 1911, syn. fide Persson & Grolle (1961). Leptos- cyphus bilobatus (Steph.) Kiihnem. Revta Cent. Estud. Doct. Cienc. Nat., B. Aires 1: 175. 1937. Mylia bilobata (Steph.) Kiihnem. Lilloa 19: 340. 1949. Original material: Falkland Is., near Port Stanley, Skottsberg (UPS)-cited in Persson & Grolle (1961). Ecology. Very common in deciduous forests, drier aspects of evergreen forests and deciduous-evergreen ecotonal areas. Most frequently in dense, thick mats over rotted logs, often intermixed with other Hepaticae, particularly Lepidozia sp. and Leptoscyphus expansus. Occasionally on soil, and rarely on bark of living, up- right trees. Phytogeography. South Georgia, Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, the Patagonian Channels, and Valdivian region (West Pa- tagonia north to 3952' S., and in Andean Patagonia at P. N. Na- huel Huapi). Literature Records. Anonymous- Strait of Magellan (Kiihn- emann, 1949 and Bonner, 1963 as Chiloscyphus jacquinotii); Andersson-Strait of Magellan (Stephani, 1901 asLophozia antarc- tica); Dumont d'Urville-Strait of Magellan (Montagne, 1845a as C. jacquinotii, Taylor & Hooker, 1847b as J. jacquinotii); Dusen- Punta Arenas (Stephani, 1901a as Jungermannia pigafettoana\ Strait of Magellan (Stephani, 1901a as L. antarctica); Jacquinot- Strait of Magellan (G. L. & N., 1845 as C. jacquinotii, Montagne, 1845, 1852 and 1856 as C. jacquinotii, Persson & Grolle, 1961); Santesson-Tres Puentes (Persson & Grolle, 1961); Wawra- Strait of Magellan (Stephani, 1901a asL. antarctica,}. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUNTA ARENAS RE- GION: Punta Arenas, Cunningham 194 (NY); ibid., sin. coll. (NY); E. of Mina Loreto on S. side of R. de las Minas, ca. 215 m. (1918, 1927, 1929), Imshaug 38864 (MSC); ridge above refugio (Club An- dino), 8 km. W. of Punta Arenas, 305-610 m. (1972 B, 1984 & 1990). RIO TRES BRAZOS REGION: Plateau above R. Tres Brazos at road crossing, ca. 160 m., Ostafichuk 1340, 1349 B & 1353 C (MSC). SENO OTWAY REGION: B. Camden (2038). LAGUNO EL PARRILLAR: Just E. of lake, ca. 365 m. (2082-c. per. & 2089\ near E. shore of lake, ca. 365 m. (2094); 4 km. E. of lake, ca. 305 m. 124 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 (2123). PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Fuerte Bulnes, Pta. Santa Ana (1805, 1814, 1826, 1828, 1849 A & 1851); near Fuerte Bulnes, Hatcher 2-3, 4-6, 5-9, 6-4 & 6-16 (UW-M); N. side of R. San Juan, 1 km. from straits (1874). Family JUNGERMANNIACEAE Reichenb. Botanik fur Damen, Kiinstler und Freunde . . . 256. 1827. CRYPTOCHILA Schust. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 26: 284. 1963. Cryptochila grandiflora (Lindenb. & Gott.) Grolle Jungermania grandiflora Lindenb. & Gott. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 673. 1847. Jamesoniella grandiflora (Lindenb. & Gott.) Jack & Steph. Hedwigia 31: 13. 1892. Cryptochila grandiflora (Lindenb. & Gott.) Grolle, Reprium. Nov. Spec. Regni. Veg. 82 (1): 19. 1971. Lectotype (cf. Grolle 1971a): Chile, Prov. Valdivia, Valdi- via, "mis. Montague 1845 as J. colorata; W (Lindenb. Hep. no. 1807)," sin. coll. (Gay) (non vidi). Jungermannia sonderi Gott. Linnaea 28: 550. 1856, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Jamesoniella sonderi (Gott.) Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 1(10): 1036. 1901 (=Spec. Hep. 2: 99), non J. sonderi Steph. 1895 =C. grandiflora fide Grolle, 1971a). Lectotype (fide Grolle 1971a): Australia, Australian Alps, von Miiller, (L-937, 183-17- non vidi). Jungermannia penicillata Loitl. in Szyszylowicz, Diagn. pi. nov. a C. Jelski in Peruvia lect., P. 1. Acad. Litt. Cracov 238. 1894, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Original material: Peru, without specific lo- cality, Jelski 549 (W)-cited in Grolle (1971a). Jamesoniella Sonderi Steph. Hedwigia 34: 48. 1895, syn. fide Grolle (1971a), non J. sonderi (Gott.) Steph. 1901. (=C. grandi- flora fide Grolle, 1971a). Original material: Tasmania, Mt. Wel- lington, Moore 48 (G)-cited in Grolle (1971a). Jamesoniella nervosa Berggr. N.Z. Hep. 13. f. 10 a-m. 1898, syn. cf. Stephani (1901). Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1971a): New Zealand, South Island, Bealey River, Berggren 2839 (LD-non vidi). Jamesoniella Hectori Berggr. N.Z. Hep. 15. f. 11 a-n. 1898, syn. cf. Stephani (1901). Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1971a): New Zealand, South Island, Bealey River, Berggren 2843 (LD-non vidi). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 125 Jamesoniella Allionii Steph. in Herz. Biblthca Bot. 87: 182. 1916, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1971a): Bolivia, above Tablas, 3,400 m.,Herzog 2847 (JE-non vidi). Jamesoniella pyrogea Mass. Atti 1st. Veneto Sci. 87: 235.pl. 3,f. 1- 4. 1927, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Basket and B. Sarmiento, Spegazzini (non vidi). Jamesoniella pellucida Herz. Hedwigia 74: 85. 1934, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1971a): Bolivia, "Cejagiirtel von Stillutincara, Jungas von La Paz," Troll 132 (JE no n vidi). Ecology. Wetter portions of the evergreen Nothofagus region in exposed situations such as coastal rocks and large rock outcrops. The above coastal rocks (Pto. Cutter) received fresh water from rain as well as run-off from the forest above; salt water influence was at most moderate. The species is not among those that I re- peatedly found in intertidal regions in the Patagonian Channels (see Engel & Schuster, 1973). Phytogeography . Pan- temper ate; South Sandwich Islands, South Georgia, Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, Andes north to Guatemala, Brazil (Serra do Itatiaia), Africa from Cape of Good Hope to Natal (3,150 m.), Marion Island, Prince Edward Island, lies Crozet, and northeast New Guinea (4,400-4,600 m.). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6064 E & 6071 C-c. per.). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: N. of copper mine (2219 A & 2301 A); slightly W. of copper mine (2358 A & 2360). JAMESONIELLA (Spruce) Steph. Bull. Soc. R. Bot. Belg. 30: 200. 1891. Jungerman- nia subg. Jamesoniella Spruce, J. Bot., Lond. 14: 230. 1876. Jamesoniella colorata (Lehm.) Schiffn. Jungermannia colorata Lehm. Linnaea 4: 366. 1829. Jamesoniella colorata (Lehm.) Schiffn. in Engl. & Prantl, Natiirl. Pflanzenfam. (3, 1): 83. 1893. Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1971a): South Africa, Cape Prov., Table Mt.,Ecklon (S-PA-non vidi). Jungermannia oenops Lindenb. & Gott. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 673. 1847, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Jamesoniella oenops (Lin- denb. & Gott.) Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 1 (10): 1028. 1901 126 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 (=Spec. Hep. 2: 91). Lectotype (cf. Grolle, 1971a): Juan Fernan- dez, Bertero (W, Lindenb. Hep. no. l8Q9-non vidi). Jungermannia? arcta De Not. Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino II. 16: 219. pi. 6, f. 1-5. 1855, syn. fide Stephani (1901). Jungermannia colorata var. arcta (De Not.) Mass. Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. I. 17: 215. 1885. Jamesoniella colorata var. arcta (De Not.) Mass. Atti 1st. Veneto Sci. 87: 235. 1927. Original material: Chile, "Prov. Val- paraiso, Valparaiso," Puccio (K, S-PA)-cited in Grolle (1971a). Jungermannia? spectabilis De Not. Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino II. 16: 219. pi. 7, f. 1-4. 1855, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Jamesoniella spectabilis (De Not.) Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 1 (10): 1038. 1901 ( = Spec. Hep. 2: 101). Original material: Chile, "Prov. Val- paraiso, Valparaiso," Puccio (S-PA)-cited in Grolle (1971a). Jungermannia malouina Gott. Annls. Sci. Nat. IV. 8: 337. 1857, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Jamesoniella maluina (sic) (Gott.) Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 1 (10): 1027. 1901 (=Spec. Hep. 2: 90). Lectotype (cf. Grolle, 1971a): Falkland Is., Lesson (PCnon vidi). Jamesoniella dusenii Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 6): 22. 1900, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Original material: Chile, Prov. Llanquihue, near Puerto Varas, Dusen 479 (BM, FH, FI, K, LD, O, S-PA, UPS)-cited in Grolle (1971a). Jamesoniella gibbosa Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): IS.f. 6 b-e. 1911, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Original material: Chile, Prov. Chiloe, I. Chiloe, Pto. Quellon, Halle & Skottsberg 140 (BM, LD, S-PA, UPS)-cited in Grolle (1971a). Jamesoniella raknesii Kaal. Nyt. Mag. Naturvid. 49: 89. 1911, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1971a): Crozets, Pos- session Is., Ring & Raknes 14 (O-non vidi}. Jamesoniella colorata f. marginata Herz. Hedwigia 64: 3. 1923, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Jamesoniella colorata var. marginata (Herz.) Herz. Archos Esc. Farm. Cordoba 7: 7. 1938. Original material: Chile, Prov. Valdivia, Valdivia, Herzog (non vidi). Jamesoniella reflexa Herz. Hedwigia 66: 89. f. 6 a-e. 1926, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Holotype: Chile, Prov. Aisen, Pta. Leopardos, 13 January l92l,Hicken 63 (JE-non vidi). Jamesoniella repens Herz. Archos Esc. Farm. Cordoba 7: S.f. 1 a-c. 1938, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Holotype: Chile, Prov. Valdivia, Corral (Quitaluto),//osseus 643B (JE-non vidi). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 127 Jamesoniella colorata var. libera Herz. Beih. Bot. Zbl. 60 (B): 2. 1939, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Original material: Chile, Prov. Llanquihue, Calbuco, Schwabe 112 (non vidi). Jamesoniella colorata var. obovata Herz. in Skottsberg, Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez, Easter Is. 2: 700. 1942, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1971a): Juan Fernandez, Mas a Tierra, Portezuela de Villagra, 600 m., Skottsberg 196 (S-PA)-non vidi). Jamesoniella colorata f. latifolia Herz. in Skottsberg, Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez, Easter Is. 2: 700. 1942, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1971a): Juan Fernandez, Mas a Tierra, Portezuelo, 475 m., Skottsberg 197 (JE-non vidi). Jamesoniella colorata var. oblata Herz. Revue Bryol. Lichen, 23: 31. 1954, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Holotype: Chile, Prov. Valdi- via, L. Puyehue, Schwabe 93 p.p. (JE-non vidi). Jamesoniella grolleana Herz. Revue Bryol. Lichen. 27: 145. f. 1 a- m. 1958, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Holotype: 1 Chile, Prov. Osorno, L. Rupanco, Schwabe lid (JE-non vidi). Jamesoniella colorata f. subtilis Herz. Revue Bryol. Lichen. 29: 184. 1960, syn. fide Grolle (1971a). Holotype: Chile, Prov. Valdi- via, L. Pellaifa, Schwabe 18 p.p. (JE-non vidi). Ecology. Variety of exposed situations in the evergreen forested region. On coastal rocks, rotted logs of an open grassy slope and at pool margins in an open Empetrum-Nothofagus mosaic. Quite common in the "bryophyte rich facies" on the sides and apices of bryophyte mounds, often occurring mixed with other Hepaticae, particularly Adelanthus lindenbergianus, Anastrophyllum involuti- folium, Gackstroemia magellanica, and Plagiochila ansata. The above mentioned coastal rocks (Pto. Cutter) received fresh water from rain and forest run-off, with salt water influence at most moderate. However, the species is able to grow in tidal zone re- gions (see Engel & Schuster, 1973). Phytogeography. Pan-temperate in distribution. The species does not occur north of temperate regions in any of the sectors. It is, however, fairly well represented in the subantarc- tic, as it occurs on Marion and Prince Edward Islands, lies Crozet, and lies de Kerguelen. Grolle (197 la) states the records from Neo- tropical regions are erroneous (see pi. 17). 'Grolle (1971a) states the holotype was collected at Rio Puelo (Prov. Llanquihue). 128 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Literature Records. Anonymous-Strait of Magellan (Kiihn- emann, 1937, 1949 and Bonner, 1966 as J. oenops}\ Cunningham- Strait of Magellan (Stephani, 1901 as J. oenops); Skottsberg & Halle-Pto. Cutter (Stephani, 1911), B. Arauz (Stephani, 1911 as J. colorata and J. oenops}; Pto. Pomar (Stephani, 1911 as J. dusenii andJ. oenops}. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. SENO OTWAY RE- GION: E. of Canelos and just W. of Ch. La. Quema (2046). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6324 B); ridge between B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas, ca. 155 m. (6431 & 6432 B). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6012 A-c. per+sporo. & 6022 B-c. per.). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Be- tween copper mine and river S. of mine (2157 D, 2163 A, 2174 A & 2184 B); N. of copper mine (2203); W. of copper mine (2234 A). Family GYMNOMITRIACEAE Klinggr. Die hoheren Cryptogamen Preussens 16. 1858. HERZOGOBRYUM Grolle, Revue Bryol. Lichen. 32: 160. 1963. Chondrophyllum Herz. Revue Bryol. Lichen. 21: 46. 1952 non Chondrophyllum Kylin, Lundes Univ. Arsskr. N. F., Avd. 2, 20 (6): 442. 1924 (Rhodo- phyta). Herzogobryum erosum (Carring. & Pears.) Grolle Cesia erosa Carring. & Pears. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1887: 8. pi. 6, f. 1-19. 1888. Gymnomitrium erosa (sic) (Carring. & Pears.) Bast. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1887: 244. 1888. Herzogobryum erosum (Carring. & Pears.) Grolle, Ost. Bot. Z. 113: 231. 1966. Original material: Tasmania, Bastow s.n. (BM)-cited in Grolle (1966b). Cesia stygia var. denticulata Berggr. N. Z. Hep. 4. 1898, syn. fide Grolle (1966b). Acolea denticulata (Berggr.) Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 1 (2): 143. 1901 ( = Spec. Hep. 2: 4). Gymnomitrium denticulatum (Berggr.) K. Mull. (Freib.) Revue Bryol. Lichen. 20: 176-177. 1951. Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1966b): New Zealand, South Island, Westland, Kelly's Hill, 1,200 m., 1874, Berggren 2870 (LD-non vidi). Phytogeography. Subantarctic in distribution; South Georgia, Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego (I. de los Estados), southern ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 129 Patagonian Channels (Brunswick Peninsula), Tristan da Cunha, and 500-2,000 m. in the New Zealand sector, occurring on Stewart Island north to Tasmania (see pi. 18). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: near Fuerte Bulnes, Hatcher 6-8 B (UW-M). Family SCAPANIACEAE Mig. Krypt.-Fl. Deutschl 1: 479. 1904. BLEPHARIDOPHYLLUM Angstr. Ofvers K. VetenskAkad. Forh. 30: 151. 1873. KEY TO THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA SPECIES OF Blepharidophyllum 1. Leaves not keeled, not conduplicately bilobed, bifid to the middle, insertion curved; leaf cells with large knotlike trigones; perianth mouth copiously long ciliate, the cilia of highly elongated cells B. densifolium 1. Leaves keeled, conduplicately bilobed, divided three-fourths to seven-eighths into 2 lobes, insertion nearly transverse; leaf cells equally thick walled, or with thin walls and small (rarely medium) trigones; perianth mouth with nu- merous teeth and short spines, the armature of 1-2 cells which are thick walled, especially at the apices 2 2. Leaf margins irregular and with numerous small teeth, at least on the dorsal margin of dorsal lobe; leaf segments apiculate; lobes never undivided; cell walls thick, especially toward the leaf apices and margins, trigones absent B. clandestinum 2. Leaf margins entire; leaf segments triangular; lobes occasionally undivided or 1 dentate-lobate; cell walls thin, with small or rarely medium trigones B. gottscheanum Blepharidophyllum clandestinum (Mont.) Lac. Plagiochila (Scapania) clandestina Mont. Annls. Sci. Nat. II. 19: 247. 1843. ? Scapania clandestina (Mont.) G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 73. 1844. Jungermannia clandestina (Mont.) Hook. f. & Tayl. in Hook. f. Bot. Ant. Voy. 1: 434. 1847. Martinellia clandestina (Mont.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 411. 1877. Balantiopsis clandestina (Mont.) Schiffn. in Engl. & Prantl, Na- tiir. Pflanzenfam. 1 (3, 1): 112. 1895. Diplophyllum clandestinum (Mont.) Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 25 (III, 6): 61. 1900. Blepharidophyllum clandestinum (Mont.) Lac. Gen. Hep. 27. 1910. Original material: (fide Grolle, 1965b, excl. B. gottscheanum): Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. Gallant, Hombron (PC-non uidi). 130 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Balantiopsis incrassata Mitt. J. Linn. Soc. 15: 197. 1876, syn. fide Mitten (1879). Original material: ties de Kerguelen, Hill NW of Mt. Crozier, Eaton (NY!). Ecology. With the exception of its occurrence in a Sphagnum bog near the evergreen-deciduous forest boundary, confined to the evergreen forest region. In the "bryophyte rich facies" it occurred on the floor as well as on the sides of bryophyte mounds, often under Empetrum and Pernettya cover. It also occurred on mats of pendent vegetation. Phytogeography. lies de Kerguelen, Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, the Patagonian Channels, and the Valdivian region (to 4230' S. in West Patagonia). Literature Records. Anonymous-Strait of Magellan (Stephani, 1910 as Diplophyllum), Pto. Gallant (Grolle, 1965b); Andersson- Pto. del Hambre (Angstrom, 1872 as Jungermannia); Hombron- Pto. del Hambre and Pto. Gallant (Montagne, 1845, 1852, 1856 as Scapania, Taylor & Hooker, 1847b as Jungermannia, Reimers, 1926 as Diplophyllum), Pto. Gallant (Grolle, 1965b), Strait of Ma- gellan (G. L. & N., 1844 as Scapania, Bonner, 1962 asPlagiochila). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. LAGUNO EL PARRIL- LAR: Near E. shore of lake, ca. 365 m. (2103 &2104). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6346 A-c. per.+sporo.). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: Pto. Gallant, sin. coll. (NY); NE side of Pto. Gallant (6028 A-c. per.+sporo., 6036 A-c. per.+sporo., 6038 & 6041); NE side of Pto Gallant (6082 B). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Slightly W. of copper mine (2245 A); N. side of copper mine (2315). Blepharidophyllum densifolium (Hook.) Angstr. ex Mass. Jungermannia densifolia Hook. Musci Exot. 1: pi. 36, f. 1-4. 1818. ?Scapania densifolia (Hook.) Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 72. 1844. Diplophyllum densifolium (Hook.) Mitt. J. Linn. Soc. 15: 69. 1876. Martinellia densifolia (Hook.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 411. 1877. Blepharidophyllum densifolium (Hook.) Angstr. ex Mass. Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. I. 17: 208. 1885. Original material: Argentina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, I. de los Estados, Menzies (NY!, S, W)-cited in Grolle (1965b). Jungermannia chloroleuca Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. J. Bot. 3: 467. 1844, syn. fide Bescherelle & Massalongo (1889). Scapania chlo- roleuca (Hook. f. & Tayl.) G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 662. 1847. Schis- ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 131 tocalyx chloroleuca (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Lindb. J. Linn. Soc. 13: 185. 1873, nom. illeg. Martinellia chloroleuca (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 411. 1877. Blepharido- phyllum vertebrate var. ft chloroleucum (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mass. Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. I. 17: 208. 1885. Blepharidophyllum densifol- ium var. y chloroleucum (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Schiffn. in Naumann, Forschungsr. Gazelle 4 (4): 9. 1890. Diplophyllum vertebrale var. ft chloroleucum (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mass. Atti 1st. Veneto Sci. 87: 221. 1927. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Her- mite, Hooker (NY!). Scapania pycnophylla De Not. Memorie Accad. Sci. Torino II. 16: 215. pL 3. f. 1-6. 1855, syn. fide Bescherelle & Massalongo (1889). Martinellia pycnophylla (De Not.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 411. 1877. ? Blepharidophyllum pycnophyllum (De Not.) Angstr. ex Mass. Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. I. 17: 208. 1885. Ble- pharidophyllum densifolium var. e pycnophyllum (De Not.) Schiffn. in Naumann, Forschungsr. Gazelle 4 (4): 9. 1890. Diplo- phyllum pycnophyllum (De Not.) Steph. Result. Voyage S. Y. Belgica 6 (5): 6. 1901. Original material: Chile, "Prov. Valparai- so, Valparaiso," Puccio (NY!). Blepharidophyllum fuscum Besch. in Besch. & Mass. Mission Scient. Cap Horn 5: 209. 1889, nom. nud. pro syn. Blepharido- phyllum densifolium var. 8 fuscum (Besch.) Schiffn. in Nau- mann, Forschungsr. Gazelle 4 (4): 9. 1890. Ecology. Moderately wide in ecological amplitude, occurring at nearly all stations in the peninsula. In forested situations it occurs on rotted logs, particularly where there is a layer of vegetation covering the log; it is less common on bare soil. In the evergreen forest "bryophyte rich facies" it is quite common on the sides and apices of bryophyte mounds as well as part of the floor cover and here it quite frequently grows in pure or nearly pure mats, a fea- ture uncommon for hepatics of this habitat. The species occasion- ally is intermixed with other Hepaticae such as Clasmatocolea ob- voluta and Leptoscyphus horizontalis. It also occurs in Sphagnum bogs mixed with Sphagnum sp. or other Hepaticae. Phytogeography. lies de Kerguelen, lies Crozet, Marion Island, Prince Edward Island, Gough Island, Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, Patagonian Channels, and north in Valdivian region (West Patagonia) to 3650' S. Literature Records. A nonymous- Strait of Magellan (Bonner, 132 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 1963 as B. chloroleucum, B. densifolium, and B. pycnophyllum); Andersson-Pto. del Hambre (Angstrom, 1872 as Jungermannia chloroleuca); Skottsberg & Halle-Pio. Cutter (Stephani, 1911 as Diplophyllum densifolium andD. pycnophyllum); Wawra-Pto. Gal- lant (Grolle, 1965b). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, 1901, Schubert (FH); ibid., sin. coll. asSchisto- calyx chloroleuca (NY). PUNTA ARENAS REGION: Ridge above refugio (Club Andino), 8 km. W. of Punta Arenas, 305-610 m. (1948). LAGUNO EL PARRILLAR: Near E. shore of lake, ca. 365 m. (2091 & 2108 B). PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Fuerte Bulnes, Pta. Santa Ana (1850 B). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS RE- GION: W. side of bay (6352 & 6386 A-c. per.+sporo.); ridge be- tween B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas, ca. 155 m. (6430 & 6441). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: Pto. Gallant, March 1867, Cunningham 154 (NY); NE side of Pto. Gallant (6009, 6029 D-c. per.+sporo., 6033 C-c. per. + sporo., 6048 A-c. per. & 6064 C). RAD A YORK: September 1853, Lechler as Scapania chloroleuca (FH, NY). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Between copper mine and river S. of mine (2134 B, 2137, 2167 A & 2169); N. of copper mine (2211); W. of copper mine (2223); base of M. Condor (2319). Blepharidophyllum gottscheanum Grolle Blepharidophyllum gottscheanum Grolle, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 28: 69. f. 4. 1965. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Des- olacion, Dusen (JE)-cited in Grolle (1965b). Ecology. Only in evergreen Nothofagus forests, where in "bryophyte rich fades" it occasionally occurred in depressions and hollows. In an open Empetrum-Nothofagus mosaic at B. San Nico- las the species commonly formed large mats at the edges of and submerged in small ponds. Phytogeography. Falkland Islands, western Tierra del Fuego, the Patagonian Channels and north to 4045' S. in the Valdivian region (West Patagonia) (see Schuster, 1971). Literature Record. Hombron-Pio. Gallant (Grolle, 1965b). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: Ridge between B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas, ca. 155 m. (6421 B, 6422 C & 6439). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6024). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Be- ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 133 tween copper mine and river S. of mine (2181); slightly W. of copper mine (2246 & 2248). DIPLOPHYLLUM (Dum.) Dum. Recueil Obs. Jungerm. 15. 1835 (nom. cons.). Junger- mannia sect. Diplophyllum Dum. Syll. Jungerm. 44. 1831. Diplophyllum acutilobum Steph. Diplophyllum acutilobum Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 83. f. 32 f. 1911. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magal- lanes, W. end of L. Fagnano, Halle & Skottsberg s.n. (S)-cited in Grolle (1965b). Phytogeography . Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego (L. Fag- nano), Patagonian Channels, and the Valdivian region north to 4042' S. Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. PUERTO CUTTER RE- GION: Slightly W. of copper mine (2358 B). KRUNODIPLOPHYLLUM Grolle, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 28: 70. 1965. Krunodiplophyllum squarrosum (Steph.) Grolle Diplophyllum squarrosum Steph. Spec. Hep. 4:116. 1910. Krunodi- plophyllum squarrosum (Steph.) Grolle, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 28: 71. 1965. Blepharidophyllum squarrosum (Steph.) Schust. Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 14: 655. 1971. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, R. Azopardo, 600 m., Dusen 125 (G)-cited in Grolle (1965b). Diplophyllum recurvifolium Mass. Atti 1st. Veneto Sci. 87: 221. pi. 3, f. 9-17. 1927, syn. fide Grolle (1965b). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Basket, Spegazzini (non vidi). Phytogeography. Tierra del Fuego and southern Patagonian Channels (Brunswick Peninsula). Grolle (1965b) points out the Valdivian records in Herzog (1954) are erroneous and actually are based upon plants of Diplophyllum cf. acutilobum. Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6071 D). 134 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Family BALANTIOPSACEAE Buch, Mitt. Thuring. Bot. Ges. 1: 23. 1955 ("Balantiopsidaceae"). BALANTIOPSIS Mitt, in Hook, f., Handb. N. Z. Flora Pt. 2. 753. 1867. KEY TO THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA SPECIES OF Balantiopsis 1. Dorsal lobes erect or aligned toward stem base; rhizoids frequently arising in tufts from the stem near the ventral portion of the ventral leaf lobes (as well as from the stem near the underleaf bases); plants light green in color, not devel- oping secondary pigmentation B. bisbifida 1. Dorsal lobes strongly flattened over the ventral lobes, never erect; rhizoids arising in tufts from the stem near the underleaf bases, not from stem near the ventral portion of the ventral leaf lobes; plants frequently with a deep red pigmentation. Leaf lobe cells in highly regular tiers, dorsal lobes (3-)9-34 dentate-laciniate, the dorsal lobes narrowed to the apex B. cancellata Balantiopsis bisbifida (Steph.) Steph. Isotachis bisbifida Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 17): 24. 1901. Balantiopsis bisbifida (Steph.) Steph. Sp. Hep. 4: 101. 1910. Steereocolea bisbifida (Steph.) Schust. Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 11: 25. 1968. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Desolacion, Dusen 228 (G!). Balantiopsis latifolia Steph. Spec. Hep. 4: 101. 1910, syn. fide Engel (1968). Steereocolea latifolia (Steph.) Schust. Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 11: 25. 1968. Lectotype (cf. Engel, 1968): Chile, prov. unknown, Dusen p.p. (G!). Remarks. Schuster (1968a) utilized B. bisbifida as the generi- type for his new genus Steereocolea, which he stated (p. 25) differed from Balantiopsis in two ways: "The leaves are succubous through- out and never at all complicate-bilobed, and are diagnostically, shallowly, symmetrically bisbifid; a distinct and relatively well- developed perianth is apparently present." However, Schuster (1972b) re-evaluated the status of Steereocolea, and treated the taxon as a subgenus of Balantiopsis. Critical to this re-evaluation is a Brunswick Peninsula collection (Engel, 6389) which has ma- ture marsupia. The perianth associated with the mature marsupia is represented by remnants that are small to large laciniae (which may be large and somewhat leaf like) and surround the marsu- pium mouth, along with other remnants which are usually mounted on the upper part of the marsupium. This condition is ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 135 also present in B. diplophylla (see Engel, 1968, pi. 40, fig. 348, as well as the discussion on p. 88), the generitype. See the discussion in Schuster (1972b) and that in Solari (1974). The dorsal leaf lobes of B. bisbifida are aligned toward the stem base, to erect, to aligned toward the stem apex. In the latter condi- tion, however, a distinct carina is absent and the leaves are thus weakly conduplicately bilobed, as shown in Schuster (1968a, f. 2: 7). I regard the leaf condition in B. bisbifida as an integral part of a continuum of sequential stages developing toward a distinctly conduplicately bilobed leaf with a well-defined carina as in B. can- cellata, B. convexiuscula, and B. tumida. As discussed in Engel (1968, pp. 86-87), this continuum begins with B. asymmetrica, ex- tends through B. bisbifida to B. purpurata, and culminates in the condition found in such species asB. cancellata. This species exhibits a variation of dorsal lobe size. On well- developed axes the dorsal lobes equal the stature of the ventral lobes. However, on less-developed axes the dorsal lobes are ca. one- half the ventral lobe in size and thus approximate the leaf lobe size relationship offi. asymmetrica. The taxonomic significance of the dorsal lobe variability will be made in another connection, but for the present the specimens are referrable to a somewhat variable B. bisbifida. Ecology. On soil of a well-shaded slope as well as on soil of a moist, well-shaded cliff face where it covered extensive areas. The species apparently is quite local in evergreen Nothofagus forests. Phytogeography. Falkland Islands, the mountainous region of southern Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, western Tierra del Fue- go, and the southern Patagonian Channels (Brunswick Peninsula). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: E. side of bay (6389-c. marsup.+sporo., 6406 & 6407). Balantiopsis cancellata (Nees) Steph. Ptilidium cancellatum Nees in G. L. & N., Syn. Hep. 251. 1845. Balantiopsis cancellata (Nees) Steph. Hedwigia 32: 145. 1893. Original material: "In Peruvia ad Plagiochilam Hookerianan repens. . . "sin. coll. (STR!). Balantiopsis versicolor Mitt, in Thomson & Murray, Rep. Scient. Results Challenger. (Bot.) 1 (3): 86. 1884, syn. fide Engel (1968). 136 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Lectotype (cf. Engel, 1968): Chile, Prov. Valdivia, Valdivia, Sainthill (NY!). Balantiopsis aequifolia Mitt, in Thomson & Murray, Rep. Scient. Results Challenger. (Bot.) 1 (3): 87. 1884, syn. fide Engel (1968). Lectotype (cf. Engel, 1968): Chile, Prov. Magallanes: I. Desola- cion, Pto. Churruca, Cunningham s.n. (NY!). Balantiopsis chilensis Steph. Hedwigia 32: 145. 1893, syn. fide Engel (1968). Steereocolea chilensis (Steph.) Schust. Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 11: 25. 1968. Lectotype (cf. Engel, 1968): Chile, prov. unknown, sin. coll., "com. Miiller" (G!). Balantiopsis fragilis Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 81. f. 33 a,6. 1911, syn. fide Engel (1968). Lectotype (cf. Engel, 1968): Fuegia (Chile, Prov. Magallanes, W. end of L. Fag- nano), Skottsberg s.n. (G!). Remarks. I have studied material of B. cancellata with mature marsupia (Juan Fernandez, Mas Afuera, Hatcher & Engel 739), which has small to large laciniae mostly surrounding the marsu- pium mouth, with a few laciniae inserted on the upper regions of the perigynium. The leaves of this species are distinctly condupli- cately bilobed, possessing a dorsal lobe lying flat over the ventral and a sharply defined carina. This condition represents the culmi- nation of sequential stages toward the conduplicate leaf condition within the genus Balantiopsis. See discussion under B. bisbifida. I have previously stated (Engel, 1968) the dorsal lobes of B. cancellata are 9-34 dentate-laciniate. The Brunswick Peninsula plants, however, have armature more sparingly developed. In En- gel 6084A the dorsal lobes are 3-8(-9) dentate-laciniate, while those in Engel 6087 are (5-)7-19 dentate-laciniate. Ecology. Rare in the Brunswick Peninsula, where it was ob- served but once on rocks in and banks of a stream in an open stand ofNothofagus betuloides. Phytogeography. Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, Pata- gonian Channels, north in the Valdivian region to 3948' S. and Mas a Tierra and Mas Afuera of the Juan Fernandez Islands. Not reported for Andean Patagonia. I regard the type locality (Peru) as questionable, and rather think it was gathered in southern Chile. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6084 A & 6087). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 137 Balantiopsis SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA I. Balantiopsis diplophylla (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mitt. Jungermannia diplophylla Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. J. Bot. 3: 377. 1844. Gottschea diplophylla (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 624. 1846. Gymnanthe diplophylla (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mitt, in Hook. f. Bot. Ant. Voy. 3: 230. 1859. Balantiopsis diplo- phylla (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mitt, in Hook. f. Handb. N. Z. Flora 753. 1867. Original material: Auckland Is., Hooker (NY!). Reported from the Brunswick Peninsula as Jungermannia diplo- phylla by Angstrom (1872) for Andersson collections from Pto. del Hambre; two packets are so labeled in the Stockholm Herbarium. All stems, with the exception of a single stem of B. diplophylla in one of the packets, are Schistochila alata (one or two stems of Clasmatocolea sp. and Lepidozia sp. excepted). The stem of B. di- plophylla was likely collected in Australasia and erroneously placed with the Andersson collected plants from Pto. del Hambre. Balantiopsis diplophylla occurs in the Auckland Islands, New Zea- land, Tasmania, Australia, New Caledonia, and the Philippines (see Engel, 1968). Family SCHISTOCHILACEAE Buch, Comment. Biol. 3 (1): 9. 1928. Pleurocladopsidaceae Solari, Comun. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. Bernardino Rivadavia 2 (4): 16. 1971. See Schuster & Engel (1977) for plates, descriptions, relation- ships, etc., of the South American Schistochilaceae taxa. PARASCHISTOCHILA Schust. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 26: 259. 1963. Schistochila sect. Paras- chistochila (Schust.) Haml. Rec. Dom. Mus., Wellington 7: 333. 1972. Tegulifolium Hassel, Boln Soc. Argent. Bot. 15: 252. 1973, syn. nov. Paraschistochila spegazziniana (Mass.) Schust. Gottschea spegazziniana Mass. Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. I. 17: 206. pi. 12, f. 3. 1885. Schistochila spegazziniana (Mass.) Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 17): 29. 1901. Schistochi- lastrum spegazzinianum (Mass.) H. Mill. Phytologia 20: 319. 1970. Paraschistochila spegazziniana (Mass.) Schust. Bull. Natn. 138 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Sci. Mus., Tokyo 14: 643. 1971. Tegulifolium spegazzinianum (Mass.) Hassel, Boln Soc. Argent. Bot. 15: 252. 1973. Lectotype (fide Hassel de Menendez, 1973): Argentina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, I. Gable, June 1882, Spegazzini 302B (LPS-non vidi). Phytogeography . Tierra del Fuego (I. de los Estados) and the Patagonian Channels north to Rio Aisen (4525 ; S. in the Val- divian region). The report from Tasmania in Rodway (1916) is erroneous; the specimen upon which the record is based is actually Goebelobryum unguiculatum (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Grolle. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6055, 6068, 6090 & 6091). PLEUROCLADOPSIS 1 Schust. Nova Hedwigia 8: 279. 1964. Pleurocladopsis simulans (Mass.) Schust. Cephalozia ? simulans Mass. Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. I. 17: 236.pl. 21. f. 22. 1885. Pleurocladopsis simulans (Mass.) Schust. Nova Hed- wigia 8: 279. 1964. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Basket, June 1882, Spegazzini 193 (LPS)-cited in Solari (1971a). Phytogeography. Tierra del Fuego and Patagonian Channels north to 4357' S. (I. Guaitecas). Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6067 B). SCHISTOCHILA Dum. Recueil Obs. Jungerm. 15. 1835. KEY TO THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA SPECIES OF Schistochila 1. Rhizoids colorless (brownish with age), limited to underleaf (and sometimes ventral lobe) bases, apices often copiously septate and branched. Leaf surfaces never armed; keel of leaves without a wing, or (normally) with a single wing. Leaf margins edentate, or with low broad-based teeth formed of nondifferen- tiated cells. Leaves often polystratose. Secondary cell wall pigmentation always absent. Perianth normally quite lacking; no conspicuous apical crown of modi- fied and crowded bracts. No terminal (Frullania-type) branching 2 'See Schuster ( 1972c) for a discussion of the relationships of Pleurocladopsis to other members of the Schistochilaceae. ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 139 1. Rhizoids claret-red to vinaceous, some or many usually scattered and originat- ing away from leaf- and underleaf-bases, the apices often highly ramified (branches at tips often connate, leaving fenestra) but not or tardily and slightly septate, when branched the branching irregular, sinuous and variable. Leaves with paired abaxial wings, or with surfaces armed with processes or lamellae, and/or with margins (usually copiously) serrate to ciliate, at least distally [exc. entire or paucidentate phenotypes of S. alata]; teeth, where formed, usually of elongated, modified cells differing from the (usually collenchymatours) laminar cells. Leaves always 1-stratose, except sometimes near keel where with limited polystraty. Often with secondary cell wall pigments. Sometimes with perianth distinct, or with a crown of crowded, conspicuous bracts at coelocaule summit 5 2. Leaf hardly to shallowly bilobed, the dorsal lobe without a free, triangular apex (keel as long to longer than dorsal lobe); underleaves small, broadly transverse, attached by a very broad line, short, with a narrow and usually shallow notch. Rigid plants, convex ventrally; leaves rigid, fleshy, conspicu- ously polystratose 3 2. Leaf distinctly bilobed: the dorsal lobe with a free, sharp to blunt to rounded apex (keel clearly shorter than length of dorsal lobe); underleaves variable: subrectangular to narrowly ovate or wide ovate to subsquarrose. Plants small (2-5 mm. wide), loosely prostrate to procumbent to erect and caespitose, not attached, to the apex of the shoot, by dense rhizoid fascicles 4 3. Axes 7-15 mm. wide, stems (22-)24-36 cells in diameter; underleaf lamina mar- gins frequently undulate to crispate; leaves exceedingly brittle and rigid S. splachnophylla 3. Axes 3-5 mm. wide, stems 14-21 cells in diameter; underleaf lamina margins plane; leaves much less rigid and brittle S. subimmersa 4. Underleaves subrectangular to narrowly ovate, clearly longer than broad, 0.5-0.8 width of stem; ventral half of leaf little concave, never inflated; dorsal half not or hardly concave; plants small-celled (median cells (25-)32-42x30- 54 fj.), firmer, more rigid. Underleaves 0.35-0. 40(-0. 50) bifid . . S. leucophylla 4. Underleaves wide ovate-quadrate, 0.8-1.2 as wide as stem; ventral half of leaf strikingly concave (adaxially), inflated in aspect; dorsal half strongly concave (adaxial view) (the leaves, as a whole, billowed out); plants large-celled [median cells 46-66(-72)x 52-92 fj.], subhyaline. Underleaves 0.20-0.35(-0.45) bifid; leaves often with incurved lobes, the ventral of which is rounded to blunt S. cunninghamii 5. Abaxial leaf surfaces clearly armed: either with ciliate lamellae, or with simple to furcate pluricellular processes, or both. Elaters rigid, with 2 broad, close spirals, the elater diameter 1-1.5 x the diameter of the finely granulate to vermiculate spores. Plants with Frullania-type branching, and with a distinct perianth 6 5. Leaf surfaces never armed, wholly smooth (except for the 1 or 2 abaxial wings) 7 6. Apices of ventral lobe with cilia and/or lamellae on both surfaces; ventral lobe with ventral surface sometimes interrupted, to 5 cells wide; underleaves (2-)4-6 lobed; shoots 4-8 mm. wide S. laminigera 6. Apices of ventral lobes with lamellae and/or cilia strictly confined to abaxial surface; ventral lobe lamellae continuous, not interrupted, those toward keel to 23 cells wide; underleaves bifid, shoots 7-13 mm. wide S. lamellata 140 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 7. Leaves strongly unequally bifid: the dorsal lobe much smaller than the ventral; dorsal lobe, in situ on leaf, appearing either subtruncate at apex, or oblique (never with a free, triangular, lobelike apex), the keel as long or longer than dorsal lobe length. Ventral margins of ventral lobes with several large, conspic- uous teeth in proximal half; apex of dorsal lobe with a conspicuous tooth imme- diately distal to carina; ventral lobe ventral surface often with a single, rudi- mentary lamella descending from sinus base; dorsal lobe free dorsal margin to 16 dentate S. reflexa 1. Leaves subequally bifid (dorsal lobe similar in shape to ventral, 0.50-1.20 size of ventral lobe); dorsal lobe triangular and free at apex, the keel less than 0.8 length of dorsal lobe. Never with Frullania-type branches (only Radula and intercalary) 8 8. Plants light green, except for the rhizoids; trigones never coarse and angular- radiate; leaf with paired wings, the ventral wing broad, the dorsal narrow and sometimes incomplete; underleaves usually lamellate, usually quadri- fid; perianth distinct; spores minutely vermiculate and tuberculate S. quadrifida 8. Plants strongly golden-brown to fuscous-pigmented, with cells with coarse and triradiate trigones; leaves with a single wing; underleaves not lamellate, 2(-3)-fid; perianth, at most, rudimentary, the coelocaule crowned with irregu- lar, crowded, variable, laciniae; spores with conspicuous high, uniform tuber- cles 9 9. Ventral lobe dorsal margin nonincised, entire or sparingly dentate; ventral lobe entire in subapical portion; dorsal lobes with free dorsal margin nonincised, entire to sparingly dentate; leaves subequally bifid, the dorsal lobe typically 1.0-1.2 the length of the ventral lobe; spores averaging 1.6 x elater diameter S. alata 9. Ventral lobe dorsal margin with 1 deep, conspicuous incision and often a few shallow incisions, the margin dentate to lobulate; ventral lobe with a few small teeth in subapical portion; dorsal lobes with free dorsal margin incised, dentate to laciniate to lobulate, the sinus bases often reflexed; leaves unequally bifid, the dorsal lobe 0.65-0.95 the length of the ventral lobe; spores equal to elaters in diameter S. gayana Schistochila alata (Lehm.) Schiffn. Jungermannia alata Lehm. Linnaea 4: 359. 1829. Gottschea alata (Lehm.) Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 16. 1844. Notarisia alata (Lehm.) Trev. Memorie 1st. Lomb. Sci. Lett. III. 4: 392. 1877. Schistochila alata (Lehm.) Schiffn. in Engl. & Prantl, Natiirl. Pflanzenfam. 1 (3, 1): 111. 1895. Original material: South Africa, Cape Prov., E. side of Table Mt.,Ecklon (non vidi). Jungermannia pachy la Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. J. Bot. 3: 456. 1844, syn. fide Schuster & Engel (1977). Gottschea pachyla (Hook. f. & Tayl.) G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 621. 1846. Schistochila pachyla (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Schiffn. in Engl. & Prantl, Natiir. Pflanzen- fam. 1 (3, 1): 111. 1895. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magal- ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 141 lanes, I. Hermite, Hooker (FH!, MICH!, NY!, hb. Schuster!, W!). Schistochila crassiretis Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 78. f. 32 a, b. 1911, syn. fide Herzog (1942). Original mate- rial: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. Cutter, 13 April 1908, Halle & Skottsberg 307 (BM!, UPS!). Ecology. Wetter portions of peninsular evergreen forests. In the "bryophyte rich facies" at Pto. Cutter it is very common on the bases of bryophyte mounds, often forming mats. Phytogeography. South Africa, Falkland Islands (leg. Engel), Tierra del Fuego, southern Patagonian Channel region, and Juan Fernandez; not reported from the Valdivian region. Literature Records. Anonymous- Strait of Magellan (Schiffner, 1895); Naumann-Strait of Magellan (Schiffner, 1890 as Gottschea). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Pto. del Hambre, Andersson as Gottschea di- plophylla (S-PA). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6003 A & 6044). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Between copper mine and river S. of mine (2146, 2151 & 2159); N. of copper mine (2205 A); base of M. Condor, Imshaug 39453 (MSC). Schistochila cunninghamii Steph. Schistochila cunninghamii Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 17): 27. 1901. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, R. Azopardo, 200 m., Dusen (non vidi); Strait of Magellan, without specific locality, Cunningham (non vidi); I. Desolacion, Pto. Angosto, 6 April 1896, Dusen 274 (LD!, NY!, hb. Schuster!, UPS!). Phytogeography. Tierra del Fuego on Isla Desolacion and the Patagonian Channel region north to 5003' S. Literature Record. Cunningham-Strait of Magellan (Stephani, 1901a). Schistochila gay ana (Gott.) Steph. Gottschea gayana Gott. Annls. Sci. Nat. IV. 8: 320. 1857. Schisto- chila gayana (Gott.) Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 6): 58. 1900. Original material: Southern Chile, without specific locality, Gay (PC-non vidi}. Ecology-Phytogeography. Known from wetter portions of Tierra 142 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 del Fuego (including Isla Desolacion), Patagonian Channels, and north to 4045' S. (885 m.) in the Valdivian region. In the Bruns- wick Peninsula, it occurred only in the very wet evergreen forests of the western end of the peninsula. The species occurs on Nothofa- gus and Dritnys bark, often in a layer of bryophyte vegetation covering the bark. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, Dow as Gottschea stratosa (NY), Dow 1, 2 as Gottschea stratosa (BM), Lechler (BM), Naumann (EM), Sauatier 222 as Schistochila gayana var. nana, ex hb. Stephani (BM). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Slightly W. of copper mine (2251 A); base of M. Condor (2320, 2321, 2324 & 2337 A). Schistochila lamellata (Hook.) Dum. Jungermannia lamellata Hook. Musci Exot. 1: pi. 49, f. 1-4. 1818. Schistochila lamellata (Hook.) Dum. Recueil Obs. Jungerm. 15. 1835. Gottschea lamellata (Hook.) Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 20. 1844. Fulfordistria lamellata (Hook.) H. Mill. Phytologia 20: 321. 1970. Original material: Argentina, Terr. Tierra del Fuego, I. de los Estados, Menzies (FH!, NY!, S-PA!). Schistochila reicheana Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 6): 59. 1900, syn. fide Schuster & Engel (1975). Fulfordistria reicheana (Steph.) H. Mill. Phytologia 20: 321. 1970. Original material: Chile, Prov. Aisen, R. Aisen Valley, 28 January 1897, Dusen s. n. (NY!, S-PA!); Prov. Chiloe, I. Guaite- cas, 21 April 1897, Dusen 400 (NY!-c. d), May 1897, Dusen s. n. (hb. Schuster!), April 1891, Dusen s. n. (S-PA!), May 1897, Dusen s. n., 379 (S-PA!); Prov. Valdivia, Corral, November 1896, Dusen 189 (NY!, S-PA!). Schistochila lamellistipula Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 6): 59. 1900, syn. fide Schuster & Engel (1975). Fulfordistria lamellistipula (Steph.) H. Mill. Phytologia 20: 321. 1970. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Newton, May 1896, Dusen (LD!, S-PA!). Schistochila savatieri Steph. Spec. Hep. 4: 94. 1909, syn. fide Schus- ter & Engel (1975). Fulfordistria savatieri (Steph.) H. Mill. Phy- tologia 20: 321. 1970. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magal- lanes, I. Desolacion, Pto. Churruca, Savatier 1938, ex hb. Bes- cherelle (G!). Ecology. This most striking species was found only within the ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 143 evergreen Nothofagus forest regions. It is particularly common where bryophyte mounds occur beneath a well-shaded forest can- opy. Here the species occurs in shaded, shallow, wet depressions between the mounds. It also occurs in climax forests (with a firm soil floor) on the forest floor or in sheets of vegetation from logs. Phytogeography. Tierra del Fuego (sporadically), Patagonian Channels, and Valdivian region north to 3952' S. Literature Records. Anonymous-Strait of Magellan (Bonner, 1966 as Gottschea; Schniffer, 1895; Stephani, 1909); Andersson- Pto. del Hambre (Angstrom, 1872 as Jungermannia); Jacquinot- Pto. Gallant (Montagne, 1845, 1852 as Gottschea}; Savatier-Pto. Gallant (Bescherelle & Massalongo, 1889 as Gottschea); Skottsberg & Halle-Pto. Cutter (Stephani, 1911). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, Collinson (NY); ibid., February 1861, Megere as Scapania clandestina (F); ibid., February 1861, Nadaud (F); ibid., 1901, Schubert (FH). PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Puerto del Hambre ("Magellaens Sound"), Andersson (NY, S-PA). BAHIA DEL INDIO: Lote San Isidro, R. Yumbel, Pisano 4011 (F). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6345). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: B. Fortescue (5944); Pto. Gallant, Cunning- ham s.n., 254 (NY). RADA YORK: Lechler 1349 (FH, NY, S-PA). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Puerto Cutter, 13 April 1908, Halle & Skottsberg 310 (S-PA); between copper mine and river S. of mine (2136, 2140, 2147 & 2149); base of M. Condor (2334 A & 2350 C). Schistochila laminigera (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Evans Jungermannia laminigera Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. J. Bot. 3: 456. 1844. Gottschea laminigera (Hook. f. & Tayl.) G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 623. 1846. Schistochila laminigera (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Evans, Contr. U.S. Natn. Herb. 1: 141. 1892. Fulfordistria laminigera (Hook. f. & Tayl.) H. Mill. Phytologia 20: 321. 1970. Lectotype (fide Schuster & Engel, 1977): Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Her- mite, Hooker (BM!-c. sporo) (isolectotypes: MICH!, NY! hb. Schuster!). Schistochila spinosissima Gola, Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. II. 29: 170. pi. 2, f. 28-29. 1923, syn. fide Schuster & Engel (1975). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, bay at base of M. Sarmiento, 24 February 1913, Gasperi s. n. (FI!). 144 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Remarks. I cannot recognize the genus Fulf or district for the fol- lowing reasons: a) The genus is based upon a single character, i.e., lamellation. b) Other genera contain elements of a similar nature, and there is no precedent for removal and recognition of such elements as segregate genera. Some examples of such elements are: 1) Lophoco- lea muricata with spinose leaf surfaces; 2) Lophocolea striatella with sulcate stems; and 3) Riccardia fuegiensis, with ventral la- mellation of the thalli. c) The lamellation character "breaks down" both in New Zealand taxa (see Schuster, 1971, particularly pp. 629-631), as well as the South American representatives of Schistochila (see Schuster & Engel, 1977 for discussion of this feature). Ecology. Sporadic in evergreen forests where on rotted logs and on the forest floor of mature forests. Phytogeography. (?) Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, Pata- gonian Channels, and Valdivian region (West Patagonia north to 40 45' S., and in Andean Patagonia in L. Nahuel Huapi area). Literature Records. A nonymous- Strait of Magellan (Schiffner, 1895); Andersson-Pto. del Hambre (Angstrom, 1872 as Junger- mannia). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, February 1861, Nadaud (F). PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Pto. del Hambre ("Magellaen Sound"), An- dersson (S-PA). CABO SAN ISIDRO: 13 February 1929, Roivainen 2387 (H). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6336 & 6351 C). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: B. Fortescue (5958 E & 5980). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: At copper mine (2269 B). Schistochila leucophylla (Lehm.) Steph. Gottschea leucophylla Lehm. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 17. 1844. Jungermannia leucophylla (Lehm.) Hook. f. & Tayl. in Hook. f. Bot. Ant. Voy. 1: 424. 1847 non J. leucophylla Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. J. Bot. 3: 384. 1844. Schistochila leucophylla (Lehm.) Steph. Spec. Hep. 4: 98. 1910. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Strait of Magellan, without specific locality, Com- merson (G\-ex hb. Bescherelle, S-PA!). Schistochila subintegerrima Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): Sl.f. 32e. 1911, syn. fide Schuster & Engel (1975). ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 145 Lectotype fide Schuster & Engel (1977): Chile, Prov. Magallanes, W. end of L. Fagnano, 10 March 1908, Halle 313 (NY!-c. per.) (lectotype duplicates: BM!, hb. Schuster!). Phytogeography . Falkland Islands (leg. Engel}, subalpine-al- pine areas of I. Grande de Tierra del Fuego. Known also from Patagonian Channels (Brunswick Peninsula and Fiordo Peel, 5059' S.). See comments in Schuster & Engel (1977) regarding the northern station. Literature Records. Anonymous- Strait of Magellan (Montagne, 1852 as G. leucophylla, Kiihnemann, 1937, 1949 as S. leucophylla); Commer son-Stra.it of Magellan (G. L. & N. 1844 as G. leucophylla, Taylor & Hooker, 1847b as J. leucophylla, Bonner, 1962 as G. leucophylla). Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6311). Schistochila quadrifida Evans Schistochila quadrifida Evans, Contr. U.S. Natn. Herb. 1: 141. pi. 16, f. 1-4. 1892. Original material: Chile, Patagonia, without specific locality, 1888, Albatross (Y!). Schistochila planifolia Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 17): 29. 1901, syn. fide Schuster & Engel (1975). Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Desolacion, Pto. Angosto, ca. 400 m.,Dusen235 (S-PA!, UPS!). Schistochila diptera Herz. Revue Bryol. Lichen. 21: 257. f. 2 a-d. 1952, syn. fide Schuster & Engel (1975). Isotype: Chile, Prov. Aisen, C. Tesoro, 860 m., 13 February 1940, Schwabe 41 a, p.p. (hb. Grolle!). Remarks. As pointed out by Schuster & Engel (1977), the spe- cies should not be confused with any other member of the genus, and the following ensemble of features will immediately serve to identify it: a) the paired wings of the leaf, with the ventral wing broad and the dorsal narrow and sometimes incomplete; b) under- leaves usually four-lobed and usually with lamellae descending for varying lengths from the lobe bases; c) leaf lobe margins spinose dentate or occasionally laciniate; d) shoot and leaf lobe apices strikingly decurved. The underleaf lamellae are sometimes quite short and should be searched for with care. Phytogeography. Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (380-650 m.), 146 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Patagonian Channels [Brunswick Peninsula and at Fiordo Peel (5056' S.)], and the Valdivian region at 4419' S., 7240' W. (S. diptera type). See comments in Schuster & Engel (1977). Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6366 A). Schistochila reflexa (Mont.) Steph. Gottschea reflexa Mont. Annls. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 347. 1845. Schisto- chila reflexa (Mont.) Steph. Spec. Hep. 4: 97. 1910. Original ma- terial: Southern Chile, without specific locality, Gay (PC!-c. 6). Gottschea parvula Angstr. Ofvers. K. VetenskAkad. Forh. 29 (4): 9. 1872, syn. fide Schuster and Engel, 1975. Schistochila parvula (Angstr.) Steph. Spec. Hep. 4: 96. 1909. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, Pto. del Hambre, Andersson (G!-c. 6, S-PA!- c. 8}. Remarks. As pointed out by Schuster & Engel (1977), S. reflexa is a close ally of S. stratosa, which occurs in the Valdivian region and on Juan Fernandez. The following features of S. reflexa will readily distinguish it from S. stratosa: a) the conspicuous teeth of the proximal half of ventral lobe ventral margins; b) the conspicu- ous tooth of the dorsal lobe apex immediately distal to the termi- nus of the carina; c) the stem paraphyllia in the androecial region; and d) the suberect growth of the plants. Further distinguishing features may be found in the key utilized in Schuster & Engel (1977). Phytogeography. Tierra del Fuego, Southern Patagonian Chan- nel region (Seno Skyring area [see Engel, 1973b], and the Gotts- chea parvula type from the material collected on the eastern side of the Brunswick Peninsula), the Valdivian region north to 3946' S. (occurring in both coastal and Andean mountain ranges) and Mas a Tierra (500 m.), Juan Fernandez. Literature Records. Anonymous-Pto. del Hambre (Stephani, 1909 as S. parvula); Andersson-Pto. del Hambre (Bonner, 1966 as G. parvula). Schistochila splachnophylla (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Steph. Jungermannia splachnophylla Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. J. Bot. 3: 455. 1844. Gottschea splachnophylla (Hook. f. & Tayl.) G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 621. 1846. Schistochila splachnophylla (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Steph. Bih. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 26 (III, 17): ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 147 28. 1901. Lectotype (fide Schuster & Engel, 1977): Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Hermite, Hooker (FH!) (isolectotypes: BM!, NY!, hb. Schuster!). Schistochila lanceolata Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 79. f. 31 b. 1911, syn. fide Schuster & Engel (1975). Original material: Falkland Is., Mt. Adam, 700 m., 1907, Skottsberg 12 (BM!, G!, hb. Schuster!). Remarks. Besides the characters noted in the key which sepa- rate this species from S. subimmersa, there are several supplemen- tary characters which differ in magnitude and which are taxonomi- cally meaningful (see Schuster & Engel, 1977). Phytogeography. Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego (350-650 m.), Patagonian Channels north to 5039' S. (I. Chatham, E. of B. Wide, leg. Engel) and Juan Fernandez (1,100 m. on Mas Afuera!); unknown from the Valdivian region. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6070 E, 6071 E & 6088 A). Schistochila subimmersa Engel & Schust. Schistochila subimmersa Engel & Schust. in Schuster & Engel, Phytologia 30: 247. 1975. Holotype: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, E. side of Pto. Bueno, Schuster 69-4223 (hb. Schuster!). Remarks. See comments in Schuster & Engel (1975, 1977). Phytogeography. Patagonian Channels and in Valdivian region at 3927' S., 7306' W. (Prov. Valdivia, above R. El Lingue, be- tween Mehuin and Lleco, Engel 3870 B). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: Pto. Gallant, 1841, Le Guillou 44 as Gottschea pachy- phylla (PC); NE side of Pto. Gallant (6064 F & 6079). Schistochila SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 1. Schistochila stratosa (Mont.) Evans Gottschea stratosa Mont. Annls. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 346. 1845. Schisto- chila stratosa (Mont.) Evans, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 141. 1892. Original material: Chile, "Provinces Australes." Gay (PCH. Reported by Angstrom (1872 as Gottschea} for an Andersson collection from Pto. del Hambre. 8. stratosa is restricted to Juan Fernandez (Mas Afuera) and the Valdivian zone and is absent from 148 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 the Magellanian zone. For comments on the relationships of this species see under S. reflexa. NOTES ON Schistochila SPECIES I. Schistochila pachyphylla (Lehm.) Steph. Jungermannia pachyphylla Lehm. Nov. Minus Cog. Stir. Pug. 6: 61. 1834. Gottschea pachyphylla (Lehm.) Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 19. 1844. Schistochila pachyphylla (Lehm.) Steph. Spec. Hep. 4: 99. 1910. Original material: Tristan da Cunha. Reported by Gottsche (1857 as Gottschea) for a Le Guillou collec- tion from Pto. Gallant; the specimen is one of Schistochila subim- mersa (fide specimen in PC!). S. pachyphylla was treated as a "dubious name" in Schuster & Engel (1977). Family LOPHOCOLEACEAE (J0rg.) Vand. Bergh. in Robyns, Flore Gener. Belgique, Bryophytes 1: 208. 1956. Jungermaniaceae (sic) Tribus Lophocoleae J0rg. Bergens Mus. Skr. 16: 61, 180. 1934. KEY TO THE STERILE PLANTS OF THE Chiloscyphus-Leptoscyphus-Lophocolea COMPLEX The taxa of Chiloscyphus, Leptoscyphus, and Lophocolea are not only frequently sterile but quite variable and it is often impossible to distinguish genera based upon sterile material, particularly if one has not previously encountered fertile plants. A key to sterile plants of this complex is especially necessary if a name is sought for a limited number of specimens of any one taxon. I have also included three species of Clasmatocolea that may be confused with members of this complex; the genus is otherwise distinct by the possession of deeply adaxially concave leaves. The highly variable, polytypic Leptoscyphus expansus is fortunately nearly always with gynoe- cia. A thorough search for perianths of L. expansus is often necessary, and even when very young perianths are at hand, they are nevertheless diagnostic. 1. Leaf apices undivided, entire (exc. sometimes in Lophocolea sabuletorum) .... 2 1. Leaf apices various, at least some leaves on an axis with apices 1-dentate-lobate or bifid 20 2. Leaves at least slightly adaxially concave 3 2. Leaves plane or convex, not adaxially concave (exc. sometimes in Leptoscy- phus cuneifolius) 4 3. Leaves slightly concave, orbicular in shape; underleaves narrower than stem; leaf cells with trigones usually absent to small, occasionally medium; stems 6-9 cells high [Clasmatocolea vermicularis] 3. Leaves deeply adaxially concave, orbicular to reniform in shape; underleaves 1.0-4.3 x stem width; leaf cells with trigones frequently large to bulging to knotlike; stems 8-14 cells high [Clasmatocolea humilis] ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 149 4. Underleaves completely free from the leaves 5 4. Underleaves connate on one or both sides with the leaves 9 5. Underleaves undivided or at most retuse 6 5. Underleaves conspicuously bifid 7 6. Leaves connate dorsally, usually imbricate; leaves wide-reniform in shape, the ventral-basal portion expanded and broad auriculate; plants larger, not wirelike, commonly light green, without red-brown pigments Lophocolea otiphylla 6. Leaves completely free dorsally, usually remote; leaves wide obovate to wide cuneate in shape, the ventral-basal portion not expanded; plants small and wirelike, commonly with red-brown pigments Leptoscyphus cuneifolius 1. Leaf apices variable, broadly rounded to truncate to retuse to emarginate to 1- or bidentate. Underleaves as wide as to 1.5 x stem width, the margins entire to 2 dentate-small laciniate Lophocolea sabuletorum I. Leaf apices consistently broadly rounded, never retuse, emarginate, 1- or biden- tate 8 8. Leaves expanded near ventral base and here often reflexed; leaf cells without trigones. Underleaves one-half stem width to as wide as stem, the segments often differing in size and configuration Lophocolea elata 8. Leaves not expanded near ventral base, the ventral margin plane, not re- flexed; leaf cells frequently with trigones. Leaves strongly erect, often ap- pressed to one another dorsally; Underleaves long-linear, entire Leptoscyphus abditus 9. Underleaves connate with leaves on one side 10 9. Underleaves connate with leaves on bothsides 16 10. Underleaf apices undivided and entire to bidentate to retuse 11 10. Underleaf apices deeply divided 12 II. Underleaves plane, the underleaf apices entire, never retuse; leaves remote; plants small and wirelike, commonly developing red-brown pigments; plants corticolous. Leaves wide obovate to wide cuneate Leptoscyphus cuneifolius 11. Underleaves often strongly convex (recurved) to canaliculate, the underleaf apices often bidentate, occasionally retuse; leaves imbricate; plants larger, not wirelike, not developing secondary pigments; plants terricolous or saxicolous Lophocolea austrigena 12. At least some axes developing a red-brown or brown pigmentation, if only tinged locally 13 12. Axes green, without secondary pigmentation present 14 13. Plants (3.2-)3.5-7.7 mm. wide; plants light brown or cocoa brown, never with red-brown pigments Chiloscyphus hookeri var. constantifolius 13. Plants 1.9-3.6(-4.2) mm. wide; plants frequently with red-brown pigments Leptoscyphus expansus 14. Leaf apices with rather minimal variation, usually broadly rounded to trun- cate, rarely retuse Chiloscyphus hookeri var. constantifolius 14. Leaf apices with considerable variation, frequently retuse to emarginate . 15 15. Underleaves bifid nearly to the base, the segments setaceous. [Antheridial stalk cells in two rows] Leptoscyphus expansus 1 'Rather poorly developed shade forms of L. expansus will key here; for comments see under this species. 150 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 15. Underleaves bifid usually to ca. one-half, the segments triangular. [Antheridial stalk cells in a single row.] Leaf apices broadly rounded to truncate to retuse to emarginate to 1- or bidentate Lophocolea sabuletorum 16. Leaves connate dorsally. Leaves distinctly opposite; sinus of underleaf shal- low Leptoscyphus aequatus 16. Leaves completely free dorsally 17 17. Ventral leaf margin abruptly inflexed (curved dorsally). Underleaves widely ovate, the margins dentate-laciniate; plants (4.4-)5.4(-6.8) mm. wide Leptoscyphus horizontalis 17. Ventral leaf margin plane or deflexed (curved ventrally) 18 18. Underleaves distinctly connate by several cells; plants dull green to light brown in color, not developing red-brown pigments. Leaves symmetrically ovate Chiloscyphus integrifolius 18. Underleaves, at least on one side, obscurely connate, i.e., connate by a long decurrent underleaf base; plants developing red-brown pigments 19 19. Leaves opposite or subopposite, the dorsal leaf margin often abruptly decurved to revolute; subapical leaf cells 31-56 /x long Chiloscyphus magellanicus 19. Not with the above combination of characters; subapical leaf cells (25-)35-40 (-50) p. long Leptoscyphus expansus 20. Leaves on a single axis usually with apices variable, e.g., broadly rounded to truncate to retuse to single lobed to (rarely) bifid 21 20. Leaves with apices consistently bifid, bidentate or single lobate 22 21. Underleaves one-half to at most three-fourths of stem width, distinctly concave and recurved; ventral leaf margin distinctly recurved, occasionally revolute Chiloscyphus pallido-virens 21. Underleaves as wide as stem, never concave or recurved; ventral leaf margin plane, at most only slightly recurved Chiloscyphus hookeri var. hookeri 22. Underleaves connate with leaves on both sides 23 22. Underleaves connate with leaves on one side or completely free 24 23. Leaves connate dorsally; leaf segments setaceous; leaves with a distinct adaxial concavity toward the base; leaf cells with large, knotlike trigones. Plants fre- quently with light-brown or red pigmentation Chiloscyphus valdiviensis 23. Leaves free dorsally; leaf segments tooth like to small lobate; leaves plane, without an adaxial concavity; leaf cells without trigones. Leaf sinus truncate or lunate Lophocolea sylvatica 24. Leaves with at least a slight adaxial concavity present. Underleaves often semi-obliquely inserted, i.e., the underleaf directed at an acute angle from the stem [Clasmatocolea rigens] 24. Leaves plane or convex, not adaxially concave 25 25. Leaf apices consistently with a single large tooth; plants isophyllous or nearly so. Leaves transversely oriented; underleaves free, extremely long decurrent Lophocolea gottscheoides 25. Leaf apices consistently bifid; plants distinctly anisophyllous 26 26. Leaf lobes and marginal teeth caducous, often giving leaf apices a ragged appearance; leaves often with accessory teeth and laciniae. Leaf margins entire to highly dentate Leptophyllopsis irregularis 26. Leaf lobes and marginal teeth, if present, persistent, the leaf apices never with a ragged appearance; leaves never with accessory laciniae. Leaf margins ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 151 entire to 1-dentate 27 27. Leaves bifid to one-half, with leaf segments frequently canaliculate. Leaf seg- ments very wide triangular, widely divergent Lophocolea divaricata 27. Leaves bidentate or bifid to at most one-third, with leaf segments plane, never canaliculate 28 28. Dorsal and ventral leaf surfaces covered with short spines Lophocolea muricata 28. Dorsal and ventral leaf surfaces smooth 29 29. Leaf cells with trigones large and knotlike. Dorsal leaf margin straight to slightly curved, ventral margin greatly curved; plants frequently brown pig- mented Leptoscyphus patagonicus 29. Leaf cells with trigones absent or very small 30 30. Median leaf cells (46-)52-91x 33-65 /n. Dorsal leaf margin straight or nearly so, entire; ventral leaf margin rounded (especially toward the apex), entire- 1- dentate; underleaves elongate-ovate in shape, as wide as or slightly wider than stem, connate on one side Lophocolea textilis 30. Median leaf cells 17-48(-52)x 20-43 M 31 31. Leaf segments ending in a uniseriate row of 4-15 cells, the segments piliferous; underleaf margins 1-large laciniate-lobate Lophocolea leptantha 31. Leaf segments ending in a uniseriate row of 1-6 cells, the segments narrow to broadly triangular; underleaf margins entire or 1-dentate or occasionally ciliate-small laciniate Lophocolea lenta CHILOSCYPHUS Corda 1 in Opiz, Beitr. Naturg. 12: 651. 1829 [sub Cheiloscyphos]. KEY TO THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA SPECIES OF Chiloscyphus 1. Underleaves connate with leaves on one side [or if connate on both sides (rare) then with underleaves one-half to three-fourths x stem width], as wide as or of lesser width than stem; plants light green to brownish 2 1. Underleaves connate with leaves on both sides, ca. twice as wide as stem; plants dull green or red brown 4 2. Underleaves one-half to at most three-fourths of stem width, greatly concave and recurved; ventral leaf margin distinctly recurved, occasionally revolute C. pallido-virens 2. Underleaves as wide as stem, spreading, never concave or recurved; ventral leaf margin plane to occasionally slightly recurved C. hookeri 3 3. Leaves on a single axis usually with apices variable, e.g., broadly rounded to truncate to retuse to single lobed to bifid C. hookeri var. hookeri 3. Leaves on a single axis with apices exhibiting little variation, e.g., consistently broadly rounded or truncate, occasionally retuse, never toothed or bifid C. hookeri var. constantifolius (1970) has proposed that Chiloscyphus Dum. (Sylloge Jung. Europ. Indig. 67. 1831) be conserved. Until the proposal is voted upon, the authorship must be that of Corda (1829) who, however, used the spelling "Cheiloscyphus." 152 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 4. Leaves bifid, ventral margins 3-9 dentate. Leaves connate dorsally, with a distinct adaxial concavity near the base; underleaves connate on both sides by 6-18 cells; trigones large, knotlike C. ualdiviensis 4. Leaves undivided or with a single tooth, ventral margins entire 5 5. Underleaves distinctly connate by several cells; leaves symmetrically ovate; plants light (rare) or dull green to light brown in color, not developing red pigments C. integrifolius 5. Underleaves connate on both sides, on one side connate by a long decurrent underleaf base; leaves asymmetically ovate; plants red brown in color. Leaves opposite or subopposite; dorsal margin often abruptly decurved to revolute; leaf cells with medium to large trigones, subapical cells 31-56 /u, long; perianth cupulate in shape, mouth wide, with 8-9 large lobes and a few laciniae C. magellanicus Chiloscyphus hookeri Engel Phytogeography . Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego, and Pata- gonian Channels north to 4902' S. Both varieties of the species occur in the Brunswick Peninsula. Chiloscyphus hookeri Engel var. constantifolius Engel Chiloscyphus hookeri Engel var. constantifolius Engel, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 36: 155. 1973. Holotype: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, B. Tekenika, 5 November 1902, Skottsberg ser. Ill, nr. 33 (S-PA!-c. per.). Ecology. On floor of climax forests and both in and at the mar- gins of a pool in an Empetrum-Nothofagus mosaic in the evergreen forest region. Unlike var. hookeri, not in the evergreen forest "bryophyte rich facies." Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. CABO SAN ISIDRO: 12 February 1929, Roivainen 2401 (H); 13 February 1929, Roivainen 2395 & 2398 as Lophocolea pallido-uirens (H). BAHIA SAN NICO- LAS REGION: E. side of bay (6397); ridge between B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas, ca. 155 m. (6422 B). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: B. Fortescue (5949-c. d). Chiloscyphus hookeri Engel var. hookeri Chiloscyphus hookeri Engel var. hookeri J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 36: 150. pi. 1-2. 1973. Holotype: Chile, Prov. Magallanes, I. Hermite, Hooker 12, mixed with syntype plants ofJungermannia pallido- virens (NY!). Ecology. Only in evergreen Nothofagus forest region where on rotted branches and over litter of the floor in forested areas and on ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 153 mounds of bryophytes in the "bryophyte rich facies." The ecology of the varieties differ as var. constantifolius is unknown from the "bryophyte rich facies." Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen, CABO SAN ISIDRO: 12 February 1929, Roivainen 2402 as Lophocolea pallido-virens (H). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6334 B-c. per.). PUERTO GALLANT REGION: B. Fortescue (5957 A- c. per.+ rf, 5979 D, 5987 & 5996-c. 6); NE side of Pto. Gallant (6014 B, 6025- c. 6,6027 C, 6028 B-c. sporo., 6029 B). RADA YORK: sin. coll. (Lechler) as C. subhorizontalis (G-c. young per.). PUERTO CUT- TER REGION: At copper mine (2274-c. young per.). Chiloscyphus integrifolius (Lehm. & Lindenb.) G. L. & N. Jungermannia integrifolia Lehm. & Lindenb. in Lehm. Nov. Minus Cog. Stir. Pug. 6: 32. 1834. Chiloscyphus integrifolius (Lehm. & Lindenb.) G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 180. 1845. Original material: Peru, without specific locality, sin. coll. (S-PA! ex hb. Lehmann). Leioscyphus ligulatus Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 37. f. 14 b. 1911, syn. fide Grolle (1962). Mylia ligulata (Steph.) Herz. in Skottsberg, Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez Easter Is. 2: 714. 1942. Leptoscyphus ligulatus (Steph.) Schust. Am. Midi. Nat. 62: 12. 1959. Original material: Chile, Prov. Magal- lanes, Cta. Rayo, Skottsberg (UPS)-cited in Grolle (1962). Remarks. Chiloscyphus integrifolius exhibits a certain but rather slight degree of variation. The leaf shape varies from occa- sionally wide ovate to the usual condition of narrowly ovate to elliptic to subrectangular. Leaf apices vary from broadly rounded to truncate to emarginate to occasionally one-dentate. The leaves rarely are sporadically, feebly bidentate. Phytogeography . Andean South American; Patagonian Chan- nels, Valdivian region, and Peru. The Fuegian record in Stephani (190 la) requires confirmation. I am not yet certain if this species occurs in Juan Fernandez; this matter is currently under investigation. Brunswick Peninsula Specimen Seen. BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: SE end of I. Nasau near Pta. Sta. Brigida, Imshaug 45439 A (MSC). 154 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 Chiloscyphus magellanicus Steph. Chiloscyphus magellanicus Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier II. 8 (2): 140. 1908 ( = Spec. Hep. 3: 256). Lectotype (nov.): Chile, Patago- nia, without specific locality, Dusen 373 (FH!). Remarks. This species may offer some confusion with Leptoscy- phus expansus when sterile plants are at hand. The large subapical leaf cells (31-56 /* long) of C. magellanicus will immediately sepa- rate the species fromL. expansus, which according to Grolle (1962) has subapical leaf cells (25-)35-40(-50) /u,. Leptoscyphus expansus very frequently produces perianths, and these laterally compressed structures will immediately remove it from Chiloscyphus. Chiloscyphus magellanicus may also be confused with C. hooker var. constantifolius. The former has underleaves connate on both sides, while the latter has underleaves connate on one side. I have examined original material of C. magellanicus from the Geneva and Farlow herbaria. The following perianth-bearing plants were selected as lectotype candidates: Geneva 0306, which possessed a single perianth, and the Farlow specimen. In his origi- nal description Stephani stated the perianth mouth was lobate and, as the Farlow plant has well-developed lobes, I have selected it as the lectotype. The Geneva plant has the perianth mouth regu- larly dentate with teeth three to six cells high. Both Geneva 0306 and the Farlow specimen were mixed with Chiloscyphus integrifol- ius. Ecology. Encountered at only a single locality, where found on sides and apices of bryophyte mounds in the evergreen forest "bryophyte rich fades." Phytogeography. Known only from the Patagonian Channel region. The Valdivian report in Stephani (1911) requires confirma- tion. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. PUERTO GALLANT REGION: NE side of Pto. Gallant (6033 B-c. per., 6036 B-c. per. + sporo. & 6053 A-c. per.). Chiloscyphus pallido-virens (Hook. f. & Tayl.) G. L. & N. Jungermannia pallido-virens Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. J. Bot. 3: 473. 1844. Chiloscyphus pallido-virens (Hook. f. & Tayl.) G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 178. 1845. Lophocolea pallido-virens (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mitt. J. Linn. Soc. 15: 72. 1876. Original material: Chile, Prov. ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 155 Magallanes, I. Hermite, Cta. San Martin, Hooker (FH!, MICH!, NY!). Mylia ligulata (Steph.) Herz. var. reflexistipula Herz. Revue Bryol. Lichen. 23: 38. f. 5 a-e. 1954. syn. fide Grolle (1962). Leptoscy- phus ligulatus (Steph.) Schust. var. reflexistipulus (Herz.) Schust. Am. Midi. Nat. 62: 12. 1959, Lectotype (fide Grolle, 1962): Chile, Prov. Aisen, C. Tesoro, 860-900 m, 1940, Schwabe 41/a p.p. (JE, non vidi). Remarks. Chiloscyphus pallido-virens bears a superficial re- semblance to Leptoscyphus horizontalis. When fertile, plants of C. pallido-virens are immediately distinguished by the trigonous peri- anth on short lateral-intercalary branches, while L. horizontalis possesses laterally compressed perianths which are terminal on the main axis. Sterile plants of the two taxa are also readily distin- guishable. The leaves of C. pallido-virens have ventral margins deflexed, and leaf apices which are often emarginate, with a single segment or more rarely short bifid; while L. horizontalis has leaves with ventral margins abruptly inflexed and with leaf apices never emarginate or segmented. Dried plants of C. pallido-virens have a distinctive, diagnostic appearance due to the sharply inrolled leaf margins. Ecology. On bare soil, over forest floor litter, and on rotted logs in the evergreen Nothofagus forests and evergreen-deciduous eco- tonal areas. In the Pto. Cutter region, where a soil cover is rare and is largely replaced by a thick, spongy bryophyte cover (the "bryophyte rich facies"), the species was found only on bare soil exposed by a stream cut. Also in Sphagnum bogs and may be intermixed with Sphagnum sp. Phytogeography. Tierra del Fuego and Patagonian Channels north to 4419' S. The reports from Lota (3705' S.) (Herzog, 1943), Juan Fernandez (Herzog, 1942), and Tasmania (Rodway, 1916) require investigation. Literature Records. Anonymous-Strait of Magellan (Kiihn- emann, 1937, 1949 as Lophocolea); Andersson-Pto. del Hambre (Angstrom, 1872 as Jungermannia); Cunningham-Strait of Magel- lan (Stephani, 1906 asLophocolea). Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. Strait of Magellan, with- out specific locality, sin. coll., ex hb. Husnot as Lophocolea husnoti (nom. nud.) (FH). PUNTA ARENAS REGION: Near Punta Are- 156 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 nas, Lechler as Lophocolea husnoti (nom. nud.; det. Stephani) (L). RIO TRES BRAZOS REGION: Plateau above R. Tres Brazos at road crossing, ca. 160 m., Ostafichuk 1383 B (MSC). LAGUNO EL PARRILLAR: Near E. shore of lake, ca. 365 m. (2078 B, 2108 A-c. 9 + 6,2109 A & 2112). PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Fuerte Bulnes, Pta. Santa Ana (1806-c. mature per.+ 9, 1847-c. 9); Puerto del Hambre, 8 October 1971, Matteri & Menendez 3703 (BA); near Fuerte Bulnes Hatcher 2-8 (UW-M); N. side of R. San Juan, 1 km. from straits (1869 A & 7875 B). CABO SAN ISIDRO: 13 February 1929, Roivainen 1307 as Mylia fuegiensis (H-c. <5). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: W. side of bay (6307, 6341 B & 6362); ridge between B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas, ca. 155 m. (6421 A). BAHIA WOOD: Cunningham 90 (NY). RADA YORK: Lechler as Lophocolea husnoti (nom. nud.; det. Stephani) (L). PUERTO CUTTER REGION: Base of M. Condor (2344 & 2356;. Chiloscyphus valdiviensis Mont. Chiloscyphus valdiviensis Mont. Annls. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 351. 1845. Heteroscyphus valdiviensis (Mont.) Schiffn. Ost. Bot. Z. 60: 172. 1910. Original material: Chile, Prov. Valdivia, Valdivia, sin. coll. (Gay) (S-PA!-c. - cited in Grolle (1971a); I. Atalaya, Halle and/or Skottsberg (non vidi); S. Skyring, B. Rodriguez, Halle & Skottsberg (S-PA, UPS)- cited in Grolle (1971a); Canal Gajardo, V. Inga, Halle and/or Skottsberg (non vidi); B. Arauz, Halle and/or Skottsberg (non vidi); W. end of L. Fagnano, Skottsberg (LD, UPS)-cited in Grolle (197 la). Lophocolea subcapillaris Steph. K. Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 46 (9): 54. f. 18 e, f. 1911, syn. nov. Lectotype (nov.): Chile, Prov. Magallanes, R. Fontaine, 1 March 1908, Halle & Skottsberg 234 (UPS!). Remarks. C. navistipula is a close ally of C. puccioana. They may be separated as follows: C. navistipula has a) main axis under- leaves usually scalelike, often ca. one-half or less the stem width and covering only a small fraction of stem tissue; b) underleaf segments frequently with one segment smaller than the other; and c) plants sparingly branched and only occasionally producing nu- merous lateral-intercalary branches. C. puccioana has a) main axis underleaves ca. twice the stem width and covering large areas of stem tissue; b) underleaf segments of equal size; and c) lateral- intercalary branches copiously produced. The absence of regularly produced, well-developed underleaves ofC. navistipula will immediately separate it fromC. humilis. The main axis underleaves of C. navistipula are quite polymor- phous. They are usually scalelike and subrectangular or occasion- ally ovate, and when the latter they may be undivided and acute at the apex. The apices are usually emarginate or short bifid and with lobes rounded (rarely acute) and usually of unequal sizes; one lobe may be quite large while the other is reduced to a tooth. Occasion- ally, the underleaves of C. navistipula are sporadically well devel- oped on the main axis, but as with the scalelike individuals, are polymorphous and with one segment smaller than the other. ENGEL: BRUNSWICK PENINSULA 165 The branch underleaves of C. navistipula are small and scale- like. Stephani (1911), in his description and drawings of Lophocolea subcapillaris, was clearly not referring to the syntypes from Insula Pacheco, which are misdeterminations of Stolonophora abnormis. Ecology. Evergreen Nothofagus forests and near the evergreen- deciduous ecotonal areas. I found it on rotted logs and stumps, in and at the margins of pools, and in a Sphagnum bog. The plants are often saturated with water and appear as feltlike cushions. Phytogeography. Tristan da Cunha (Arnell, 1958), Tierra del Fuego, and the Patagonian Channel region north to 4925' S. Brunswick Peninsula Specimens Seen. LAGUNO EL PARRIL- LAR: Near E. shore of lake, ca. 365 m. (2105). PUERTO DEL HAMBRE REGION: Near Fuerte Bulnes, Hatcher 7-5 (UW-M); N. side of R. San Juan, 1 km. from straits (1856-c. per.+cap. & 1867). BAHIA SAN NICOLAS REGION: Ridge between B. Bougainville and B. San Nicolas, ca. 155 m. (6425, 6444 A-c. per.+